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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 1004-1014.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34098

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Assessment of the cultivation suitability and suitable regions of Gastrodia elata under climate change in China

HAO Jia-Le(), ZHAO Jiong-Chao, ZHAO Ming-Yu, WANG Yi-Xuan, LU Jie, SHI Xiao-Yu, GAO Zhen-Zhen, CHU Qing-Quan()   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2023-06-10 Accepted:2023-10-23 Online:2024-04-12 Published:2023-12-08
  • Contact: * E-mail: cauchu@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(202202AE090029)

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Abstract:

Climate change affects species growth areas by altering the suitability of their habitats. As a rare and endangered medical plant in China, the evaluation of the suitable distribution area and the impact of climate change on the suitability of Gastrodia elata can provide important information for the production layout of Gastrodia elata. In this study, the MaxEnt model was used to simulate the spatial distribution and changes of the suitability and suitable area for Gastrodia elata cultivation from 1961 to 2020, based on geographic distribution and environmental data. Results showed that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of Gastrodia elata were solar radiation from May to July, precipitation in October and November, the minimum temperature in the coldest month, and vegetation type. The high suitable areas for Gastrodia elata cultivation in China were mainly distributed in the southwestern region around the Sichuan Basin. 1961 to 2020, the suitability for Gastrodia elata cultivation had shown a fluctuating increasing trend, with the area of improved suitability accounting for 9.10% of the total land area of China, mainly concentrated in Southwest China, the parts of central and eastern China, and Shaanxi province. The overall decrease in solar radiation from May to July over the past 60 years was the main reason for the increased suitability of asparagus cultivation. This study provided a scientific basis for the production and artificial cultivation site selection of Gastrodia elata in China, which provided reference significance for formulating strategies to respond to future climate change.

Key words: Gastrodia elata, planting suitability, environmental factors, MaxEnt model, ArcGIS

Fig. 1

Distribution site of Gastrodia elata and meteorological observation stations in China This map is based on the standard map downloaded from the standard map service website of the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information with the approval number GS (2019) 1822. The boundary of the base map is not modified."

Table 1

Potential environmental factor affecting the planting distribution of Gastrodia elata in China"

潜在环境因子
Potential environmental factor		 意义
Meaning		 文献
References
5月至7月太阳辐射量(Solar_5to7)
Solar radiation from May to July		 反映天麻地面生长阶段光照吸收状况
Reflecting the light absorption status of the ground growth stage of Gastrodia elata		 [15]
10月至11月降水量(Pre_10to11)
Precipitation in October and November		 反映天麻关键生育时期水分供应情况
Reflecting water availability during the critical reproductive period of Gastrodia elata		 [23,16]
植被类型(VEG)
Vegetation		 天麻自然分布多需要一定的落叶阔叶林
Natural distribution of Gastrodia elata mostly requires a certain amount of deciduous broadleaf forest		 [24]
最冷月最低温(MINtem_CM)
Min temperature of coldest month		 天麻生长期内承受的最低温度
The minimum temperature to be tolerated during the growth period of Gastrodia elata 		[23]
等温性(ISO)
Isothermality		 天麻生长期内热量平均水平
Average heat level during the growth period of Gastrodia elata		 [23]
含粘量(SCS)
Soil sediment concentration		 反映天麻种植地土壤保水保肥能力
Reflects the soil water and fertility retention capacity of the Gastrodia elata cultivation sites		 [25]
降水变异系数(CVpre)
Precipitation variability		 天麻生长期降水量的季节性差异
Seasonal differences in precipitation during the growing season of Gastrodia elata 		[26]
坡度Slope 影响天麻空间分布
Influence on the spatial distribution of Gastrodia elata		 [24]
土壤有机碳(SOC)
Soil organic carbon		 反映天麻种植地土壤质量状况
Reflecting the soil quality of the Gastrodia elata cultivation sites		 [27]
坡向(ASPECT)
Slope		 影响天麻营养吸收状况和产量
Influence nutrient uptake status and yield of absorption conditions of Gastrodia elata 		[28]
土壤含水量(SWC)
Soil water content		 反映天麻种植地土壤水分状况
Reflecting the soil moisture status of the Gastrodia elata cultivation sites		 [27]

Fig. 2

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve Red lines are the mean values and blue lines are response curves obtained from each of 10 MaxEnt runs."

Fig. 3

Regularized training gain (a) and percentage contribution (b) of the MaxEnt model based on the jackknife test In (a), the red bar shows the training gain of the model using all Ecological factors, the dark blue bar shows the training gain of the model using only one Ecological factor, and the light blue bar shows the training gain of the model using all but one factor. Veg: vegetation; Solar_5to7: solar radiation from May to July; Pre_10to11: precipitation in October and November; Mintem_CM: minimum temperature of coldest month; CVpre: precipitation variability; SCS: soil sediment concentration; SOC: soil organic carbon; ISO: isothermality; SWC: soil water content."

Table 2

Threshold division of dominant environmental factors affecting the suitability for cultivation of Gastrodia elata"

分类
Classification		 5月至7月太阳辐射量
Solar radiation from May to July (MJ m-2)		 10月至11月降水量 Precipitation in October and November (mm) 最冷月最低温
Minimum temperature
of coldest month (℃)		 植被类型
Vegetation
高适宜区
High suitable area		 1230.14-1598.53 79.58-159.81 -11.17 to -0.68 针叶林, 针阔叶混交林, 阔叶林
Coniferous forests, mixed coniferous, and broad-leaved forests, broad- leaved forests
中适宜区
Moderate suitable area		 1598.53-1713.89 72.66-78.20
161.19-209.60		 -13.83 to -11.46
-0.53 to -0.09		 灌丛, 栽培植被
Scrub and cultivated vegetation
低适宜区
Less suitable area		 1713.89-1810.64 67.13-72.66
209.60-238.65		 -14.72 to -13.98
0.21 to 1.98		 其他
Others
不适宜区
Unsuitable area		 <1230.14 or >1810.64 <67.13 or >238.65 < -14.72 or >1.98 荒漠, 草原, 草甸, 沼泽, 高山植被
Deserts, grasslands, meadows, swamps, and alpine vegetation

Fig. 4

Geographical distribution of suitable areas for Gastrodia elata This map is based on the standard map downloaded from the standard map service website of the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information with the approval number GS (2019) 1822. The boundary of this base map is not modified."

Fig. 5

Geographical distribution of suitable areas (a, b) and suitability changed for Gastrodia elata (c) This map is based on the standard map downloaded from the standard map service website of the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information with the approval number GS (2019) 1822. The boundary of this base map is not modified."

Table 3

Distribution area of suitable areas for Gastrodia elata in different years in China (×106 hm2)"

适宜性划分
Suitability regionalization		 年份Years
1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2010 2011-2020
低适宜区Less suitable area 61.79 76.84 72.97 87.72 76.15 81.03
中适宜区Moderate suitable area 25.71 33.68 35.81 47.46 41.93 40.51
高适宜区High suitable area 15.09 21.83 24.60 40.63 32.49 26.66
总适宜区Total suitable area 102.59 132.35 133.38 175.81 150.57 148.20
不适宜区Unsuitable area 857.41 827.65 826.62 784.19 809.43 811.80
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