早熟小麦品种扬麦37主要目标性状的遗传构成分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41063

Abstract

Abstract:

Hybridization between winter and spring wheat varieties is an important approach to broaden the genetic base of wheat cultivars. Yangmai 37, an early-maturing spring wheat cultivar, was developed from a cross between the spring wheat Zhenmai 9 and the semi-winter wheat Han 6172. To investigate the genetic composition of Yangmai 37 and the selection of functional genes during its breeding process, we compared key breeding traits—including growth period, yield components, disease resistance, and quality-related traits—as well as the haplotypes of 64 functional genes associated with these traits between Yangmai 37 and its two parents. The results showed that Yangmai 37 matured four days earlier than Zhenmai 9. Its plant height was similar to Zhenmai 9, while its spike density (spikes m^-2) and thousand-grain weight (TGW) were intermediate between its parents. However, its grain number per spike (grains spike^-1) was higher than both parents. In terms of disease resistance, Yangmai 37 exhibited moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), similar to Zhenmai 9, but was susceptible to powdery mildew (PM) and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), like Han 6172. The protein content of Yangmai 37 was comparable to Zhenmai 9, but its dough stability time was significantly lower. Genetic contribution analysis revealed that 62.5% of Yangmai 37’s genetic makeup originated from Zhenmai 9, while 37.5% came from Han 6172. Yangmai 37 inherited the same haplotypes for vernalization, photoperiod, and flowering genes as its female parent. It also carried the dwarf gene Rht-B1b from Zhenmai 9 and inherited high grain weight haplotypes at TaGS-D1 and TaSus2-2B from its female parent, as well as TaSus1-7A from its male parent. Additionally, Yangmai 37 retained the QTL QFhs.crc-2D, associated with FHB resistance, from Zhenmai 9 but lost the Pm21 gene for PM resistance and QYm.nau-2D, a QTL for WYMV resistance, from its female parent. For pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance, Yangmai 37 harbored the same Sdr-B1a and Vp-1Bc haplotypes as Zhenmai 9. However, Yangmai 37 lacked the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) combination 1Dx5+1Dy10, which is associated with superior gluten strength in Zhenmai 9. Instead, it inherited the 1RS·1BL translocation, known to negatively impact gluten quality, from its male parent. The selection of flowering-related genes and PHS resistance haplotypes contributed to the unequal distribution of parental alleles in Yangmai 37. Meanwhile, the loss of Pm21, QYm.nau-2D, and 1Dx5+1Dy10, along with the introduction of the 1RS·1BL translocation, were key factors influencing the differences in disease resistance and quality traits between Yangmai 37 and its female parent, Zhenmai 9.

Key words: wheat variety, winter and spring wheat hybridization, breeding trait, functional gene, genetic composition

LYU Guo-Feng, FAN Jin-Ping, WU Su-Lan, ZHANG Xiao, ZHAO Ren-Hui, LI Man, WANG Ling, GAO De-Rong, BIE Tong-De, LIU Jian. Genetic analysis of key target traits in the early-maturing wheat cultivar Yangmai 37[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1538-1547.

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性状 Trait	基因/QTL名称 Name of gene/QTL	染色体 Chromosome	标记名称 Marker name	参考文献 Reference
小麦赤霉病Fusarium head blight	QFhs.crc-2D	2DL	gwm539	[17]
小麦黄花叶病Wheat yellow mosaic virus	QYm.nau-2D	2DL	WXE1339	[18]
小麦黄花叶病Wheat yellow mosaic virus	QYm.nau-5A.1	5AL	wmc415	[19]

品种 Cultivar	生育期Growth stage (month/day)			灌浆特征参数Grain-filling parameter
品种 Cultivar	抽穗期 Heading date	开花期 Anthesis date	成熟期 Mature date	平均灌浆速率 Average grain-filling rate (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	灌浆期 Grain-filling duration (d)
邯6172 Han 6172	04/10	04/15	05/29	1.40	49.7
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9	04/10	04/15	05/30	1.72	47.7
扬麦37 Yangmai 37	04/08	04/12	05/26	1.60	46.4

品种 Cultivar	产量相关性状Yield-related trait					抗病性Disease resistance
品种 Cultivar	株高 Plant height (cm)	每平方米穗数Spikes per square meter	每穗粒数Grains per spike	千粒重TGW (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	赤霉病FHB	白粉病PM	黄花叶病WYMV
邯6172 Han 6172	80	645	36.3	47.1	9105.0	MS	S	S
镇麦9号Zhenmai9	90	552	37.6	56.4	10,050.0	MR	R	R
扬麦37 Yangmai 37	87	591	39.4	52.8	9615.0	MR	S	S

品种 Cultivar	硬度 Grain hardness (%)	蛋白质含量Grain protein content (%)	湿面筋含量Wet gluten content (%)	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	形成时间Development time (min)	稳定时间Stability time (min)	面粉白度Flour whiteness
邯6172 Han 6172	62.6	12.91	30.56	62.30	3.2	2.9	71.2
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9	64.2	13.64	32.50	67.50	5.0	6.9	72.6
扬麦37 Yangmai 37	65.5	13.57	25.28	65.30	2.5	2.1	69.4

品种 Cultivar	春化基因 Vernalization gene			光周期基因 Photoperiod gene			开花相关基因 Flowering related gene
品种 Cultivar	Vrn-A1	Vrn-B1	Vrn-D1	Ppd-A1	Ppd-B1	Ppd-D1	PPR-B1
邯6172Han 6172	vrn-A1	vrn-B1	vrn-D1	Ppd-A1b	truncated copy	Ppd-D1a	PPR-B1a
镇麦9号Zhenmai 9	vrn-A1	vrn-B1	Vrn-D1a	Ppd-A1b	ins	Ppd-D1a	PPR-B1b
扬麦37Yangmai 37	vrn-A1	vrn-B1	Vrn-D1a	Ppd-A1b	ins	Ppd-D1a	PPR-B1b

Genetic analysis of key target traits in the early-maturing wheat cultivar Yangmai 37

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品种 Cultivar	矮秆基因Dwarf gene		粒重相关基因Grain weight related gene
品种 Cultivar	Rht-B1	Rht-D1	TaGS-D1	TaGW2-6A	TaGS1a	TaSus2-2B	TaSus1-7A
邯6172 Han 6172	Rht-B1a	Rht-D1b	TaGS-D1b	Hap-L	Hap-I	Hap-L	Hap-1,3,5
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9	Rht-B1b	Rht-D1a	TaGS-D1a	Hap-H	Hap-II	Hap-H	Hap-2,4
扬麦37 Yangmai 37	Rht-B1b	Rht-D1a	TaGS-D1a	Hap-L	Hap-I	Hap-H	Hap-1,3,5

品种 Cultivar	白粉病PM	赤霉病 FHB	黄花叶病 WYMV		叶锈病 LR	穗发芽 PHS		耐旱 Drought tolerance
品种 Cultivar	Pm21	QFhs.crc-2D	QYm.nau-2D	Sbmp	Lr68	Sdr-B1	Vp-1B	Dreb-B1
邯6172 Han 6172	-	-	-	-	+	Sdr-B1b	Vp-1Ba, b	TaDreb-B1b
镇麦9号 Zhenmai9	+	+	+	+	-	Sdr-B1a	Vp-1Bc	TaDreb-B1a
扬麦37 Yangmai 37	-	+	-	-	-	Sdr-B1a	Vp-1Bc	TaDreb-B1a

品种 Cultivar	硬度基因Grain hardness gene		面筋强度相关基因Gluten strength related gene
品种 Cultivar	Pina-D1	Pinb-D1	Glu-A1	Glu-B1	Glu-D1	ALPb-7A	1RS·1BL
邯6172 Han 6172	Pina-D1a	Pinb-D1b	1Ax1	1Bx7+1By9	1Dx2+1Dy12	Hap1	+
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9	Pina-D1a	Pinb-D1b	1Ax1	1Bx7+1By9	1Dx5+1Dy10	Hap2	-
扬麦37 Yangmai 37	Pina-D1a	Pinb-D1b	1Ax1	1Bx7+1By9	1Dx2+1Dy12	Hap2	+

品种 Cultivar	黄色素含量相关基因 Yellow pigment content related gene					脂氧合酶基因 Lox gene	多酚氧化酶基因 PPO gene
品种 Cultivar	Psy-A1	Psy-B1	Zds-A1	Pds-B1	Pod-A1	Lox-B1	Ppo-A1	Ppo-D1
镇麦9号Zhenmai 9	Psy-A1b	非Psy-B1c Non Psy-B1c	Zds-A1b	Pds-B1b	Pod-A1a	Lox-B1b	Ppo-A1b	Ppo-D1b
邯6172 Han 6172	Psy-A1a	非Psy-B1c Non Psy-B1c	Zds-A1b	Pds-B1a	Pod-A1a	Lox-B1a	Ppo-A1a	Ppo-D1a
扬麦37 Yangmai 37	Psy-A1b	非Psy-B1c Non Psy-B1c	Zds-A1b	Pds-B1b	Pod-A1a	Lox-B1b	Ppo-A1b	Ppo-D1a

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