早熟小麦品种扬麦37主要目标性状的遗传构成分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41063

Abstract

Abstract:

Hybridization between winter and spring wheat varieties is an important approach to broaden the genetic base of wheat cultivars. Yangmai 37, an early-maturing spring wheat cultivar, was developed from a cross between the spring wheat Zhenmai 9 and the semi-winter wheat Han 6172. To investigate the genetic composition of Yangmai 37 and the selection of functional genes during its breeding process, we compared key breeding traits—including growth period, yield components, disease resistance, and quality-related traits—as well as the haplotypes of 64 functional genes associated with these traits between Yangmai 37 and its two parents. The results showed that Yangmai 37 matured four days earlier than Zhenmai 9. Its plant height was similar to Zhenmai 9, while its spike density (spikes m^-²) and thousand-grain weight (TGW) were intermediate between its parents. However, its grain number per spike (grains/spike) was higher than both parents. In terms of disease resistance, Yangmai 37 exhibited moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), similar to Zhenmai 9, but was susceptible to powdery mildew (PM) and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), like Han 6172. The protein content of Yangmai 37 was comparable to Zhenmai 9, but its dough stability time was significantly lower. Genetic contribution analysis revealed that 62.5% of Yangmai 37’s genetic makeup originated from Zhenmai 9, while 37.5% came from Han 6172. Yangmai 37 inherited the same haplotypes for vernalization, photoperiod, and flowering genes as its female parent. It also carried the dwarf gene Rht-B1b from Zhenmai 9 and inherited high grain weight haplotypes at TaGS-D1 and TaSus2-2B from its female parent, as well as TaSus1-7A from its male parent. Additionally, Yangmai 37 retained the QTL QFhs.crc.2D, associated with FHB resistance, from Zhenmai 9 but lost the Pm21 gene for PM resistance and QYm.nau-2D, a QTL for WYMV resistance, from its female parent. For pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance, Yangmai 37 harbored the same Sdr-B1a and Vp-1Bc haplotypes as Zhenmai 9. However, Yangmai 37 lacked the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) combination 1Dx5+1Dy10, which is associated with superior gluten strength in Zhenmai 9. Instead, it inherited the 1RS.1BL translocation, known to negatively impact gluten quality, from its male parent. The selection of flowering-related genes and PHS resistance haplotypes contributed to the unequal distribution of parental alleles in Yangmai 37. Meanwhile, the loss of Pm21, QYm.nau-2D, and 1Dx5+1Dy10, along with the introduction of the 1RS^.1BL translocation, were key factors influencing the differences in disease resistance and quality traits between Yangmai 37 and its female parent, Zhenmai 9.

Key words: wheat variety, winter and spring wheat hybridization, breeding trait, functional gene, gene, ic composition

LYU Guo-Feng, FAN Jin-Ping, WU Su-Lan, ZHANG Xiao, ZHAO Ren-Hui, LI Man, WANG Ling, GAO De-Rong, BIE Tong-De, LIU Jian. Genetic analysis of key target traits in the early-maturing wheat cultivar Yangmai 37[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1538-1547.

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Genetic analysis of key target traits in the early-maturing wheat cultivar Yangmai 37

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