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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1526-1537.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41085

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of Qingke germplasm based on six phenotypic traits

WANG Mu1,2,ZHUO Ga1,2,ZHA Sang1,2,XIRUO Qu-Zong1,2,DAWA Dondup1,2,GUO Gang-Gang3,ZHANG Jing3,ZHUO Ga4,LHUNDRUP Namgyal1,2,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, Xizang, China; 2 Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAR), Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa850002, Xizang, China; 3 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 4 College of Plant Science, Xizang University of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Nyingchi 860000, Xizang, China
  • Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-03-26 Accepted:2025-03-26 Online:2025-06-12 Published:2025-04-03
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Key R&D and Transformation Projects in Xizang Autonomous Region (XZ202401ZY0100).

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Abstract:

Evaluating the genetic diversity of Qingke germplasm enhances our understanding of beneficial variations within these resources, facilitating the selection of complementary parental lines for breeding and improving the efficiency of elite gene exchange, aggregation, and new variety development. In this study, 1,112 local Qingke varieties from different ecological regions were analyzed to assess genetic diversity based on six phenotypic traits and identify superior germplasm resources. The results revealed rich phenotypic genetic diversity, with significant variation observed in tiller number, plant height, spike length, stem diameter, grains per main spike, and grain weight per main spike. Compared to landraces, cultivated varieties derived from artificial hybridization exhibited noticeable changes, particularly in yield-related traits, with genetic gains primarily reflected in increased grain number and grain weight per spike. The genetic diversity of regionally bred hybrid cultivars was lower than that of non-local cultivars; however, regionally bred varieties demonstrated superior overall trait performance. Cluster analysis grouped the Qingke germplasm into four categories: Category I exhibited the highest average phenotypic values across all traits; Category II had the largest tiller number with moderate levels for other traits; Category III had the fewest tillers, with other traits at moderate levels; and Category IV had the lowest phenotypic values for all traits. Principal component analysis and stepwise regression indicated that, except for spike length, the remaining five traits served as the primary indicators for Qingke phenotypic evaluation, with an explanatory power of R2 = 0.999. This study highlights the substantial genetic diversity within Qingke germplasm and provides valuable insights for the selection and breeding of improved varieties.

Key words: Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L.), germplasm resources, phenotypic traits, comprehensive evaluation, diversity

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