自然条件下气温升高3℃至4℃对地膜玉米根-冠衰老和产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43053

Abstract

Abstract:

With the ongoing rise in global temperatures and the increasing frequency of flash droughts, premature senescence in plastic film-mulched spring maize has become more severe, significantly limiting maize yield formation. Current research on this issue primarily focuses on the relationship between moisture stress and leaf characteristics, while the mechanisms underlying film-induced warming and its effects on root-shoot senescence in spring maize remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-year field experiment (2021-2022) in Changwu (average annual temperature > 9℃) and Yangling (average annual temperature > 12℃), two semi-humid, drought-prone regions in northwestern China. The experiment included a bare land control (CK) and two mulching treatments: transparent film mulching (TM) and dual mulching with transparent film and black polyethylene net (TM+BN), designed to maintain the film’s water retention effect while modifying soil temperature. Using Zhengdan 958 as the test variety, we investigated the effects of these mulching strategies on soil conditions, root growth and senescence, leaf stay-green characteristics, and yield performance in dryland maize farming. The results showed that, compared to CK, both mulching treatments increased soil water storage at both locations, with no significant differences in average soil water storage between TM and TM+BN. Meanwhile, the average topsoil temperature of spring maize in Yangling from the three-leaf stage to maturity (V3-R6) was 2.1-2.3℃ higher than in Changwu. Across both locations, the average topsoil temperature under TM was 2.0-2.2℃ higher than under TM+BN, indicating that TM+BN had a moderate soil cooling effect. Compared to TM, the soil cooling effect of TM+BN extended the reproductive growth period of spring maize by 10-12 days, improved nutrient supply during the late growth stages, and enhanced root antioxidant capacity and leaf greenness. As a result, root dry weight at 0-40 cm depth increased by 8.6%, aboveground dry matter accumulation at maturity increased by 14.4%, and grain yield improved by 18.5%-24.5% compared to TM. These findings suggest that, under projected global warming of 3-4℃, maintaining an average topsoil temperature between 26.3℃ and 29.0℃ during the V3-R6 period in heat-rich dryland agricultural regions may delay premature senescence in film-mulched maize and enhance grain yield. This study provides a scientific basis for high-yield, efficient cultivation and sustainable production of film-mulched maize in a warming climate.

Key words: dryland, warming of plastic film, phenology, maize root-shoot senescence, grain yield

ZHANG Shi-Bo, LI Hong-Yan, LI Pei-Fu, REN Rui-Hua, LU Hai-Dong. Effects of a 3-4℃ increase in air temperature under natural conditions on root-shoot senescence and yield in plastic-film mulched maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1599-1617.

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地点 Site	pH	有机质含量 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g kg^-1)	速效氮含量 Available nitrogen content (mg kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg kg^-1)
长武Changwu	8.5	11.3	0.98	45.11	15.32	137.98
杨凌Yangling	7.3	12.2	1.31	55.29	11.39	163.23

地点	年份	播种日期	收获日期
Site	Year	Sowing date	Harvest date
长武 Changwu	2021	04/30	09/26
长武 Changwu	2022	04/23	09/10
杨凌 Yangling	2021	04/30	09/15
杨凌 Yangling	2022	04/23	09/04

年份 Year	地点 Site	处理 Treatment	根系干重 Root dry weight (g plant^-1)
年份 Year	地点 Site	处理 Treatment	V6	V12	R1	R3	R6
2021	长武Changwu	CK	1.9±0.2 c	13.5±0.8 b	21.2±0.8 c	20.4±1.0 c	18.2±1.1 c
		TM	3.3±0.3 a	16.4±0.8 a	24.0±1.1 b	21.8±1.0 b	20.5±1.1 b
		TM+BN	2.4±0.2 b	15.3±0.6 a	27.0±0.4 a	24.4±0.6 a	22.4±0.7 a
	杨凌Yangling	CK	0.6±0.2 c	10.0±0.7 b	22.8±0.5 c	19.9±0.8 c	16.7±0.7 c
		TM	2.5±0.1 a	14.3±0.4 a	27.3±0.3 b	21.7±0.7 b	18.3±0.9 b
		TM+BN	2.0±0.1 b	13.5±0.9 a	29.5±1.5 a	23.7±0.5 a	20.9±0.1 a
2022	长武Changwu	CK	1.2±0.1 c	12.0±0.7 b	17.7±0.5 c	16.4±1.1 c	14.1±0.8 c
		TM	3.2±0.3 a	15.5±0.8 a	22.0±0.3 b	19.6±0.7 b	15.9±0.5 b
		TM+BN	2.3±0.1 b	14.4±0.6 a	26.3±0.6 a	23.0±0.7 a	20.3±0.9 a
	杨凌Yangling	CK	1.1±0.4 c	10.5±0.8 b	18.3±0.5 b	15.8±0.3 c	14.8±1.3 c
		TM	2.3±0.3 a	14.9±0.5 a	22.5±0.4 a	18.2±1.1 b	15.6±0.9 b
		TM+BN	1.8±0.1 b	14.8±0.4 a	23.9±0.8 a	20.5±0.1 a	17.5±0.7 a
ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)			**	NS	***	***	***
地点 Site (S)			***	***	***	***	**
处理Treatment (T)			***	***	***	***	***
Y×S			**	***	***	*	**
Y×T			NS	NS	*	*	NS
S×T			**	**	NS	*	NS
Y×S×T			***	NS	NS	NS	NS

年份 Year	地点 Site	处理 Treatment	穗数 Ear number	穗粒数 Kernel number per ear	百粒重 100-kernel dry weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
2021	长武 Changwu	CK	68,835.0±167.0 a	509.1±16.6 b	32.0±0.6 c	8718.9±320.6 c
		TM	69,085.0±199.7 a	652.4±26.7 a	34.6±0.4 b	10,750.3±389.2 b
		TM+BN	69,095.0±106.4 a	646.6±31.0 a	38.0±0.7 a	12,450.4 ±351.6 a
	杨凌 Yangling	CK	68,165.0±195.8 a	477.3±27.1 b	28.6±0.6 c	7289.4±248.7 c
		TM	68,360.0±142.6 a	560.3±22.6 a	31.1±0.7 b	8875.3±205.9 b
		TM+BN	68,480.0±77.0 a	554.5±31.7 a	35.5±1.1 a	11,045.1±344.3 a
2022	长武 Changwu	CK	68,635.0±91.7 a	529.7±31.6 b	30.4±0.6 c	7085.6±459.4 c
		TM	68,695.0±125.8 a	637.0±27.2 a	33.7±0.8 b	9097.0±236.7 b
		TM+BN	68,835.0±167.0 a	631.1±26.8 a	37.7±1.0 a	11,017.0 ±424.8 a
	杨凌 Yangling	CK	68,010.0±75.0 a	453.9±24.2 b	26.0±0.6 c	6930.2±242.3 c
		TM	68,225.0±105.4 a	543.7±27.7 a	30.2±0.8 b	8076.3±245.1 b
		TM+BN	68,480.0±52.7 a	546.7±41.4 a	34.6±0.8 a	10,067.3±305.6 a
ANOVA
年份Year (Y)			***	***	***	**
地点Site (S)			***	***	***	**
处理 Treatment (T)			***	***	***	***
Y×S			*	*	***	NS
Y×T			NS	NS	***	NS
S×T			NS	***	***	NS
Y×S×T			*	***	*	NS

Effects of a 3-4℃ increase in air temperature under natural conditions on root-shoot senescence and yield in plastic-film mulched maize

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