秸秆还田和施磷量对旱地小麦籽粒淀粉及其合成相关酶活性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51027

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of straw incorporation and phosphorus application rates on starch quality and the synthesis of related enzymes in dryland wheat grains, a split-plot field experiment was conducted using the cultivar Luohan 22. The main plot factor was straw incorporation, with two treatments: no straw return (S0) and full straw incorporation (S1). The sub-plot factor was phosphorus application, with five levels: 0 kg·hm^-² (P0), 75.0 kg·hm^-² (P1), 112.5 kg·hm^-2 (P2), 150.0 kg·hm^-² (P3), and 187.5 kg·hm^-² (P4). The effects of these treatments on wheat yield, starch composition, and the activity of starch-synthesizing enzymes were examined. Results showed that both straw incorporation and increasing phosphorus application enhanced the number of ears, grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, and overall yield. Under the same straw treatment, these yield components generally increased with phosphorus application up to P3, followed by a decline; the highest values (except for 1000-grain weight) were observed at P3. Over the two growing seasons, yield under the S1P3 treatment increased by 35.70% and 49.32% compared with S1P0. The contents of amylose, amylopectin, and total starch in wheat grains increased progressively during grain development and followed a similar rise-then-decline trend with increasing phosphorus, peaking at P3. For any given phosphorus level, the starch content was higher under S1 than S0. In 2021–2022, the interaction between straw incorporation and phosphorus application significantly or highly significantly affected the amylopectin/amylose ratio from 5 to 20 days after anthesis, while in 2022–2023, this interaction was only significant 5 days after anthesis. Throughout both years, the activities of sucrose synthase (SS), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS), and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) in grains followed a pattern of increasing and then decreasing with grain development, whereas sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity declined continuously. Regardless of straw treatment, AGPase and GBSS activities showed a similar rise-then-decline pattern with phosphorus level, peaking at P3. In conclusion, the combination of straw incorporation and phosphorus fertilization at 150.0 kg·hm?2 (S1P3) was the most effective management strategy for improving starch quality and yield in dryland wheat under the conditions of this study.

Key words: straw returning, phosphorus application rate, wheat in dryland, grain starch, enzyme activities

YANG Ying-Cong, ZHANG Jun-Hao, TANG Yi-Zhe, QIAO Chang-Chang, WANG Peng-Bo, HUANG Ming, XU Guo-Wei, WANG He-Zheng. Effects of straw returning and phosphorus application rates on grain starch and the activities of starch synthesis-related enzymes in dryland wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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Effects of straw returning and phosphorus application rates on grain starch and the activities of starch synthesis-related enzymes in dryland wheat

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