Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (06): 1020-1030.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01020

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Changes in Morphological and Physiological Traits of Roots and Their Relationships with Grain Yield during the Evolution of Mid-season Indica Rice Cultivars in Jiangsu Province

ZHANG Hao,HUANG Zuan-Hua,WANG Jing-Chao,WANG Zhi-Qin,YANG Jian-Chang*   

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2010-12-17 Revised:2011-03-28 Online:2011-06-12 Published:2011-04-12
  • Contact: 杨建昌，E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979317

PDF

1600

Cited

9

Abstract: Roots are involved in acquisition of nutrients and water, synthesis of plant hormones, and anchorage of plants. However, little is known what changes in root physiology and morphology during the evolution of rice cultivars. In this study, 13 typical mid-season indica rice cultivars (including hybrid combinations) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 60 years were used, which were classified into four types of early tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, semi-dwarf cultivars, and super rice cultivars according to their application times, plant types and genotypes. All the tested cultivars were grown in the field and changes in morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with grain yield during the evolution of cultivars were investigated. Results showed that the root dry weight, root weight density, root length, root length density and root diameter were increased with the evolution of the cultivars at main growth stages. From the heading stage, the shoot dry weight was increased with the evolution of the cultivars. Compared with other cultivars, the root-shoot ratio of super rice cultivars was increased at the mid-tillering and panicle initiation stages, but showed no significant differences among the four types of cultivars at latter growth stages. Specific root length was decreased with the evolution of the cultivars at the mid-tillering stage, and showed no significant differences among the four types of cultivars at other growth stages. The root oxidation activity, leaf photosynthetic rate, total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area of root, and the content of cytokinins (zeatin + zeatin riboside) in root bleeding and grain yield wereincreased with the evolution of the cultivars. Increase in grain yield was attributed mainly to the increase in total number of spikelets, which resulted mainly from a large panicle. Regression analysis showed that the root dry weight, root length, root diameter, root oxidation activity, total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area of root very significantly correlated with grain yield. The results suggest that the improved root and shoot growth increases grain yield of the modern cultivars, especially super rice cultivars.

Key words: Mid-season indica rice, Root morphology/physiology, Grain yield, Evolution

[1]Yang J-C(杨建昌), Wang P(王朋), Liu L-J(刘立军), Wang Z-Q(王志琴), Zhu Q-S(朱庆森). Evolution characteristics of grain yield and plant type for mid-season indica rice cultivars. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2006, 32(7): 949–955 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Zhang Q. Strategies for developing green super rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104: 16402–16409
[3]Cheng S, Zhuang J, Fan Y, Du J, Cao L. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice: A super-domesticate in China. Ann Bot, 2007, 100: 959–966
[4]Fitter A. Characteristics and functions of root systems. Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U, eds. Plant Roots, the Hidden Half. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 2002. pp 15–32
[5]Inukai Y, Ashikari M, Kitano H. Function of the root system and molecular mechanism of crown root formation in rice. Plant Cell Physiol, 2004, 45(suppl): 17–19
[6]China National Rice Research Institute (中国水稻研究所). Regionalization of Rice Cropping in China (中国水稻种植区划). Hangzhou: Zhejiang Science & Technology Press, 1988. pp 1–47 (in Chinese)
[7]Zheng J-S(郑景生), Huang Y-M(黄育民). Thrust and practice of super high yielding rice production in China. Mol Plant Breed (分子植物育种), 2003, 1(5/6): 585–596 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Wu W-M(吴伟明), Song X-F(宋祥甫), Sun Z-X(孙宗修), Yu Y-H(于永红), Zou G-Y(邹国燕). Comparison of root distribution between different type rice. Chin J Rice Sci (中国水稻科学), 2001, 15(4): 276–280 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Dong G-C(董桂春), Wang Y-L(王余龙), Wang J-G(王坚刚), Shan Y-H(单玉华), Ma A-J(马爱京), Yang H-J(杨洪建), Zhang C-S(张传胜), Cai H-R(蔡惠荣). Study on the differences of root traits between various types of varieties in rice. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2002, 28(6): 749–755 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Zhu D-F(朱德峰), Lin X-Q(林贤青), Cao W-X(曹卫星). Characteristics of root distribution of super high-yielding rice varieties. J Nanjing Agric Univ (南京农业大学学报), 2000, 23(4): 5–8 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Zhang H(张耗), Tan G-L(谈桂露), Sun X-L(孙小淋), Liu L-J(刘立军), Yang J-C(杨建昌). Changes in grain quality during the evolution of mid-season indica rice cultivars in Jiangsu province. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2009, 35(11): 2037–2044 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Yang J-C(杨建昌), Wang Z-Q(王志琴), Zhu Q-S(朱庆森). Effect of nitrogen nutrient on rice yield and its physiological mechanism under different status of soil moisture. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 1996, 29(4): 58–66 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Xiao L-T(萧浪涛), Wang S-G(王三根). Experimental Techniques of Plant Physiology (植物生理学实验技术). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005. pp 61–62 (in Chinese)
[14]Cheng C Y, Lur H S. Ethylene may be involved in abortion of the maize caryopsis. Physiol Plantarum, 1996, 98: 245–252
[15]Chen Y-P(陈远平), Yang W-Y(杨文钰). Determination of GA3, IAA, ABA and ZT in Dormant Buds of Allium ovalifolium by HPLC. J Sichuan Agric Univ (四川农业大学学报), 2005, 23(4): 498–500 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Ling Q-H(凌启鸿). Quality of Crop Population (作物群体质量). Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2000. pp 42–107 (in Chinese)
[17]Liu W-Z(刘文兆), Li Y-Y(李秧秧). Effect of crop root-cutting on grain yield and water use efficiency: a review. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin (西北植物学报), 2003, 23(8): 1320–1324 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Harada J, Kang S, Yamazaki K. Root system development of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivars. Jpn J Crop Sci, 1994, 63: 423-429
[19]Kang S, Morita S, Yamazaki K. Root growth and distribution in some japonica-indica hybrid and japonica type rice cultivars under field conditions. Jpn J Crop Sci, 1994, 63: 118–124
[20]Samejima H, Kondo M, Ito O, Nozoe T, Shinano T, Osaki M. Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen-absorbing ability in the New Plant Type of tropical rice lines. J Plant Nutr, 2005, 28: 835–850
[21]Yang J-C(杨建昌). Relationships of rice root morphology and physiology with the formation of grain yield and quality and the nutrient absorption and utilization. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2011, 44(1): 36–46 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Pan X-H(潘晓华), Wang Y-R(王永锐), Fu J-R(傅家瑞). Advance in the study on the growth-physiology in rice of root system (Oryza sativa). Chin Bull Bot (植物学通报), 1996, 13(2): 13–20 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Sun J-W(孙静文), Chen W-F(陈温福), Zang C-M(臧春明), Wang Y-R(王彦荣), Wu S-Q(吴淑琴). Advances of research on rice root systems. J Shenyang Agric Univ (沈阳农业大学学报), 2002, 33(6): 466–470 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Zhang C-L(张成良), Jiang W(姜伟), Xiao Y-Q(肖叶青), Wu W-C(邬文昌), Chen D-Z(陈大洲), Huang Y-J(黄英金). Status and prospects of research on rice root systems. Acta Agric Jiangxi (江西农业学报), 2006, 18(5): 23–27 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Passioura J B. Roots and drought resistance. Agric Water Manag, 1983, 7: 265–280
[26]Cai K-Z(蔡昆争), Luo S-M(骆世明), Duan S-S(段舜山). The response of the rice root system to nitrogen conditions under-root confinement. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 2003, 23(6): 1109–1116 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]Wang Q(汪强), Fan X-L(樊小林), Liu F(刘芳), Klaus D, Sattemacher B. Effect of root cutting on rice yield by shifting normal paddy to upland cultivation. Chin J Rice Sci (中国水稻科学), 2004, 18(5): 437–442 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Liu T-J(刘桃菊), Qi C-H(戚昌瀚), Tang J-J(唐建军). Studies on relationship between the character parameters of root and yield formation in rice. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2002, 35(11): 1416–1419 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]Yang J, Zhang J. Grain filling problem in “super” rice. J Exp Bot, 2010, 61: 1–5
[30]Yang J-C(杨建昌). Mechanism and regulation in the filling of inferior spikelets of rice. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2010, 36(12): 2011–2019 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]Kobata T, Palta J A, Turner N C. Rate of development of postanthesis water deficits and grain-filling of spring wheat. Crop Sci, 1992, 32: 1238–1242
[32]Samonte S, Wilson L T, McClung A M, Tarpley L. Seasonal dynamics of non-structural carbohydrate partitioning in 15 diverse rice genotypes. Crop Sci, 2001, 41: 902–909
[33]Gebbing T, Schnyder H. Pre-anthesis reserve utilization for protein and carbohydrate synthesis in grains of wheat. Plant Physiol, 1999, 121: 871–878
[34]Takai T, Fukuta Y, Shirawa T, Horie T. Time-related mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling grain-filling in rice. J Exp Bot, 2005, 56: 2107–2118
[35]Cao X-Z(曹显祖), Zhu Q-S(朱庆森), Gu Z-F(顾自奋). Study on the percentage of filled grain in hybrid rice. Jiangsu Agric Sci (江苏农业科学), 1981, (1): 1–7 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]Peng S, Buresh R, Huang J, Yang J, Zou Y, Zhong X, Wang G, Zhang F. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China. Field Crops Res, 2006, 96: 37–47
[37]Zhang H, Zhang S F, Yang J C, Zhang J H, Wang Z Q. Postanthesis moderate wetting drying improves both quality and quantity of rice yield. Agron J, 2008, 100: 726–734
[38]Zhang H, Xue Y G, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhang J H. An alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime improves root and shoot growth in rice. Crop Sci, 2009, 49: 2246–2260
[1] YAN Jia-Qian, GU Yi-Biao, XUE Zhang-Yi, ZHOU Tian-Yang, GE Qian-Qian, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-Jun, WANG Zhi-Qin, GU Jun-Fei, YANG Jian-Chang, ZHOU Zhen-Ling, XU Da-Yong. Different responses of rice cultivars to salt stress and the underlying mechanisms [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475.
[2] KE Jian, CHEN Ting-Ting, WU Zhou, ZHU Tie-Zhong, SUN Jie, HE Hai-Bing, YOU Cui-Cui, ZHU De-Quan, WU Li-Quan. Suitable varieties and high-yielding population characteristics of late season rice in the northern margin area of double-cropping rice along the Yangtze River [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016.
[3] JIN Min-Shan, QU Rui-Fang, LI Hong-Ying, HAN Yan-Qing, MA Fang-Fang, HAN Yuan-Huai, XING Guo-Fang. Identification of sugar transporter gene family SiSTPs in foxtail millet and its participation in stress response [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 825-839.
[4] JIN Rong, JIANG Wei, LIU Ming, ZHAO Peng, ZHANG Qiang-Qiang, LI Tie-Xin, WANG Dan-Feng, FAN Wen-Jing, ZHANG Ai-Jun, TANG Zhong-Hou. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of Dof family genes in sweetpotato [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 608-623.
[5] LIU Yun-Jing, ZHENG Fei-Na, ZHANG Xiu, CHU Jin-Peng, YU Hai-Tao, DAI Xing-Long, HE Ming-Rong. Effects of wide range sowing on grain yield, quality, and nitrogen use of strong gluten wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 716-725.
[6] XIE Cheng-Hui, MA Hai-Zhao, XU Hong-Wei, XU Xi-Yang, RUAN Guo-Bing, GUO Zheng-Yan, NING Yong-Pei, FENG Yong-Zhong, YANG Gai-He, REN Guang-Xin. Effects of nitrogen rate on growth, grain yield, and nitrogen utilization of multiple cropping proso millet after spring-wheat in Irrigation Area of Ningxia [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 463-477.
[7] KE Jian, CHEN Ting-Ting, XU Hao-Cong, ZHU Tie-Zhong, WU Han, HE Hai-Bing, YOU Cui-Cui, ZHU De-Quan, WU Li-Quan. Effects of different application methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(7): 1372-1382.
[8] LIU Qiu-Yuan, ZHOU Lei, TIAN Jin-Yu, CHENG Shuang, TAO Yu, XING Zhi-Peng, LIU Guo-Dong, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Relationships among grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(5): 904-914.
[9] ZHAO Jia-Jia, QIAO Ling, WU Bang-Bang, GE Chuan, QIAO Lin-Yi, ZHANG Shu-Wei, YAN Su-Xian, ZHENG Xing-Wei, ZHENG Jun. Seedling root characteristics and drought resistance of wheat in Shanxi province [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(4): 714-727.
[10] ZHENG Ying-Xia, CHEN Du, WEI Peng-Cheng, LU Ping, YANG Jin-Yue, LUO Shang-Ke, YE Kai-Mei, SONG Bi. Effects of planting density on lodging resistance and grain yield of spring maize stalks in Guizhou province [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(4): 738-751.
[11] ZHU Ya-Li, WANG Chen-Guang, YANG Mei, ZHENG Xue-Hui, ZHAO Cheng-Feng, ZHANG Ren-He. Response of grain filling and dehydration characteristics of kernels located in different ear positions in the different maturity maize hybrids to plant density [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(3): 507-519.
[12] HU Xin-Hui, GU Shu-Bo, ZHU Jun-Ke, WANG Dong. Effects of applying potassium at different growth stages on dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat in different soil-texture fields [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(11): 2258-2267.
[13] LUO Wen-He, SHI Zu-Jiao, WANG Xu-Min, LI Jun, WANG Rui. Effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on soil nitrate nitrogen distribution, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of winter wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(6): 924-936.
[14] Zhi-Yuan YANG,Na LI,Peng MA,Tian-Rong YAN,Yan HE,Ming-Jin JIANG,Teng-Fei LYU,Yu LI,Xiang GUO,Rong HU,Chang-Chun GUO,Yong-Jian SUN,Jun MA. Effects of methodical nitrogen-water distribution management on water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(3): 408-422.
[15] Fei-Na ZHENG,Jin-Peng CHU,Xiu ZHANG,Li-Wei FEI,Xing-Long DAI,Ming-Rong HE. Interactive effects of sowing pattern and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in large spike wheat cultivar [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(3): 423-431.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd