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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 969-977.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.92064

• REVIEW •     Next Articles

Research advances on characteristics, damage and control measures of weedy rice

CHEN Lei1,**,JIN Man2,3,**,ZHANG Wei-Le2,WANG Cheng-Xu2,WU Yong-Bin4,WANG Zhi-Zhong4,TANG Xiao-Yan1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China
    2 Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
    3 College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China
    4 Zoeve Seed Co, Ltd, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2019-11-07 Accepted:2020-03-18 Online:2020-07-12 Published:2020-04-28
  • Contact: Xiao-Yan TANG E-mail:txy@frontier-ag.com
  • About author:** Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M652920);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M633069);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901532)

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Abstract:

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) presumably originated from rice but has weedy characteristics. It is one of the malignant weeds in rice field that decreases rice production and grain quality severely. In this study, the biological characteristics of weedy rice were described from morphology, shattering, dormancy and stress tolerance. The process of weedy rice origination from de-domestication of cultivated rice was summarized briefly. We also introduced the worldwide distribution of weedy rice as well as its non-uniform distribution in China with the most severe occurrence in middle-south area of Jiangsu province and Zhanjiang of Guangzhou province. In addition, we analyzed the agricultural damage on rice yield, rice quality and paddy field ecology environment by weedy rice. To control the occurrence and spread of weedy rice, we further proposed comprehensive measures, including prevention and controlling measures, reasonable cultivation system, and scientific use of chemical herbicides.

Key words: weedy rice, biological characteristics, damage, prevention and control measures

Fig. 1

Comparison of morphological characteristics of weedy rice and cultivated rice a: weedy rice in field; b: cultivated rice in field; c: single plant of weedy rice; d: single plant of cultivated rice; e: the trait of seed shattering between weedy rice and cultivated rice."

Fig. 2

Determination of panicle-grain separation force for cultivated rice and weedy rice HHZ: cultivated rice Huanghuazhan; WR1: weedy rice 1; WR2: weedy rice 2; WR3: weedy rice 3. Panicle-grain separation force (g) of cultivated and weedy rice was measured with a digital tensile force meter using three panicles per plant and at least 20 seeds per panicle."

Fig. 3

Population structure analysis of weedy rice based on genome-wide SNP[18] a: A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of weedy rice, cultivated rice and other Oryza varieties. Different subgroups are coded with different colours. O. rufipogon: green for the Or-II and Or-III subgroups, dark green for the Or-I subgroup; aus: light green; O. sativa ssp. japonica: purple for Aromatic japonica (ARO), red for Tropical japonica (TRJ); orange for Temperate japonica (TEJ); blue for O. sativa ssp. indica (IND); yellow for intermediate type. Dots and triangles indicate the weedy rice and cultivated rice, respectively, among them LN for Liaoning, NX for Ningxia, JS for Jiangsu, GD for Guangdong, and FW for weedy rice sampled outside of China, in the phylogenetic tree. b: Principal component analysis (PCA) of weedy rice, cultivated rice and other Oryza species by the first and second eigenvectors. All weedy rice are marked by ‘o’ , cultivated rice by ‘ⅹ’, while wild-/intermediate-type rice by ‘*’. In the legend, the suffix ‘W’ referred to weedy rice, and ‘C’ for local cultivated rice. Two grey lines were used to distinguish indica and japonica subspecies from others."

Fig. 4

Weedy rice grains mixed with cultivated rice grains The white grains are from cultivated rice, and the reddish-brown grains are from weedy rice."

Table 1

The results of weedy rice control using Tidy Field in Leizhou, Guangdong province [44]"

性状
Trait		 洁田技术
Tidy Field		 常规化学除草
Conventional chemical weeding
杂草稻发生率Occurrence rare of weedy rice (%) 0.07 13.31
有效穗Effective panicles (Ten thousands panicles per hectare) 349.35 337.50
每穗总粒数Grain number per panicle 120.43 123.20
结实率Seed-setting rate (%) 82.73 73.70
千粒重Thousand-grain weight (g) 21.47 22.33
理论产量Theoretical yield (kg hm-2) 7447.65 6847.20
实际产量Actual yield (kg hm-2) 6366.30 5868.15
比对照增产Yield increase compared to control (%) 8.54
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