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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2614-2624.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13061

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different amount of drip irrigation on carbon metabolism and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize after anthesis under shallow buried drip irrigation

YANG Heng-Shan(), ZHANG Yu-Shan, GE Xuan-Liang, LI Wei-Min, GUO Zi-He, GUO Nuan   

  1. College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Minzu University / Engineering Research Center of Forage Crops of Inner Mongolia Autonomous, Tongliao 028043, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2021-10-28 Accepted:2022-02-25 Online:2022-10-12 Published:2022-04-05
  • Contact: YANG Heng-Shan E-mail:yanghengshan2003@aliyun.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160509)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of different amount of drip irrigation on carbon metabolism and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of maize after anthesis under shallow buried drip irrigation. Three treatments of irrigation amount 40% (W1: 1600 m3 hm-2), 50% (W2: 2000 m3 hm-2), and 60% (W3: 2400 m3 hm-2) of traditional border irrigation (4000 m3 hm-2) were set to study dynamic characteristics of leaf source, photosynthesis, activities of photosynthetic carbon metabolism enzyme, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, content of non-structural carbohydrate after anthesis, and yield of different amount drip irrigation under shallow buried drip irrigation. The results showed that there was no significant difference on mean yield between CK and W3, while W2 and W1 were both significantly lower than CK and the annual average yield of W2 and W1 respectively decreased by 3.91% and 11.18% compared with that of CK from 2018 to 2020. There was also no significant difference on yield W3 and W2, while W3 was significantly higher than W1. Compared with W1, the annual yield of W3 increased by 17.56%, 9.06%, and 9.56%, respectively. The instantaneous photosynthetic efficiency, instantaneous water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation rate of W3 and CK were both higher at flowering stage and was the lowest in W1, while the performance of stomatal limit was the opposite. The leaf source characteristics and activities of photosynthetic carbon metabolism enzyme of W2 and W1 were both lower than W3 from 30 days after anthesis to maturity, in which the leaf area, specific leaf quality, content of chlorophyll, and LAD of W3 increased by 20.29%, 3.03%, 14.80%, and 21.37%, respectively. Compared with CK, the activities of 1,5-diphosphate ribulose carboxylase, pyruvate phosphate double kinase, malase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of W3 increased by 19.66%, 12.53%, 10.67%, 21.17%, and 11.72%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of CK and W3, which were both higher than W1 from 20 to 50 days after anthesis. Compared with W2, W1, and CK from 50th day after anthesis to maturity, the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of W3 increased by 3.24%, 3.29%, and 7.40%, respectively. Compared with W2, CK, and W1, the sucrose content of W3 were the highest from the 50th day after anthesis to maturity of which increased by 11.31%, 14.02%, and 43.48% respectively. Compared with W2, CK and W1 from the 30th day after anthesis to maturity, the soluble sugar content of W3 was the highest from the 30th day after anthesis to maturity and W3 increased by 14.06%, 17.78%, and 34.20%, respectively. Compared with CK, W2, and W1, the starch content of CK had no significant difference with W3, which was the highest from the 50th day after anthesis to maturity, increased by 3.35%, 7.58%, and 24.93%, respectively. Consequently, when irrigation amount reached to 60% of normal irrigation amount of traditional border irrigation, maize under the shallow buried drip irrigation had better leaf source characteristics, strong activities of photosynthetic carbon metabolism enzyme, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, non-structural carbohydrate content and yield, which could provide theoretical guide for rational irrigation, water saving and yield stability of maize.

Key words: shallow buried drip irrigation, amount of drip irrigation, maize, carbon metabolism, photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency

Table 1

Precipitation in maize growing season at the test site (mm)"

年份
Year		 4月
April		 5月
May		 6月
June		 7月
July		 8月
August		 9月
September		 10月
October		 生长季
Growing season
1960-2020 14.8 34.6 71.4 106.9 85.1 28.4 17.9 359.3
2018 12.4 34.0 66.4 96.9 147.7 14.6 12.9 384.9
2019 2.5 90.1 88.7 56.6 130.2 9.2 18.3 395.6
2020 7.0 111.2 94.3 157.1 90.3 85.6 4.3 549.8
2018-2020 7.3 78.4 83.1 103.5 122.7 36.5 11.8 443.4

Table 2

Irrigation schemes of different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 灌水定额Irrigation quota (m3 hm-2) 灌溉定额总量
Total irrigation quota
(m3 hm-2)		 灌溉频次
Irrigation frequency
播种-出苗期
Seeding-Emergence		 拔节期-小喇叭口期
Jointing-Trumpet		 大喇叭口期-吐丝期
Great trumpet-Spinning		 吐丝期-灌浆期
Spinning-Grouting		 灌浆期-成熟期
Grouting-Mature
1 550 240 220+220 150 110+110 1600 7
W2 550 335 300+300 215 150+150 2000 7
W3 550 425 385+385 275 190+190 2400 7
CK 550 575 1150 1150 575 4000 5

Table 3

Topdressing schemes of different treatments (kg hm-2)"

处理
Treatment		 播种-出苗期
Seeding-Emergence		 拔节期-小喇叭口期
Jointing-Trumpet		 大喇叭口期-吐丝期
Great trumpet- Spinning		 吐丝期-灌浆期
Spinning-Grouting		 灌浆期-成熟期
Grouting-Mature		 追肥总量
Total amount of topdressing
W1/W2/W3 0 172.8 345.6 57.6 0 576.0
CK 0 576.0 0 0 0 576.0

Table 4

Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on maize yield and yield components"

年份
Year		 滴灌量
Drip irrigation amount		 有效穗数
Effective panicles
(×104 ear hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear
(grain)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)
2018 W1 8.50 a 415 c 335.8 c 11.05 c
W2 8.51 a 423 ab 350.8 b 12.63 b
W3 8.57 a 427 a 354.2 ab 12.99 ab
CK 8.52 a 429 a 362.3 a 13.04 a
2019 W1 8.47 a 415 b 345.7 c 12.03 c
W2 8.48 a 429 ab 351.4 b 12.53 bc
W3 8.51 a 438 a 359.3 ab 13.12 ab
CK 8.49 a 431 a 363.6 a 13.20 a
2020 W1 8.40 a 421 c 342.9 c 12.12 c
W2 8.49 a 436 b 348.2 b 12.92 b
W3 8.52 a 443 a 354.6 ab 13.28 ab
CK 8.49 a 436 b 361.8 a 13.39 a

Fig. 1

Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on leaf source characteristics of maize after anthesis in 2020 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. DAA 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 represent anthesis stage, 10 days after anthesis, 20 days after anthesis, 30 days after anthesis, 40 days after anthesis, 50 days after anthesis, and maturity stage, respectively. a: leaf area per plant; b: specific leaf quality; c: chlorophyll; d: leaf area duration."

Fig. 2

Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics of maize after anthesis in 2020 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at P < 0.05. a: instantaneous solar use efficiency; b: instantaneous water use efficiency; c: stomatal limitation; d: instantaneous carboxylation rate."

Fig. 3

Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on activities of photosynthetic carbon metabolism enzyme of maize after anthesis in 2020 Treatments and periods are the same as those given in Table 2 and Fig. 1, respectively. a: ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase; b: pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase; c: malic enzyme; d: malate dehydrogenase; e: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase."

Table 5

Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of maize after anthesis in 2020"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 日期Date
DAA0 DAA10 DAA20 DAA30 DAA40 DAA50 DAA60
单位质量含氮量
Nitrogen content per unit mass (g kg-1)		 W1 20.18 c 18.76 b 18.22 b 18.73 c 17.85 c 17.71 b 16.17 c
W2 21.31 b 19.41 ab 19.55 ab 19.04 bc 18.31 bc 17.95 ab 17.08 bc
W3 22.65 a 20.85 a 20.07 a 20.06 a 19.37 a 18.26 a 18.64 a
CK 22.08 ab 20.08 ab 19.61 ab 19.45 ab 18.94 ab 18.42 a 18.02 b
单位面积含氮量
Nitrogen content per unit area (mg cm-2)		 W1 0.10 c 0.10 b 0.09 b 0.10 b 0.09 b 0.09 b 0.10 b
W2 0.11 b 0.10 b 0.10 a 0.10 b 0.10 a 0.10 a 0.11 ab
W3 0.12 a 0.11 a 0.10 a 0.11 a 0.10 a 0.11 a 0.12 a
CK 0.11 b 0.11 a 0.10 a 0.10 b 0.10 a 0.10 a 0.11 ab
净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate (μmol m-2 s-1)		 W1 19.88 b 19.34 c 17.45 c 17.32 c 14.98 c 14.00 c 13.38 c
W2 20.65 ab 19.78 bc 19.32 b 18.43 b 16.59 ab 16.21 b 14.35 b
W3 22.19 a 22.08 a 20.55 a 20.37 a 18.63 a 17.24 a 16.93 a
CK 22.45 a 21.60 ab 19.86 ab 19.79 b 18.84 a 16.73 ab 14.69 b
光合氮素利用效率
Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency
(μmol CO2 g-1 s-1)		 W1 19.14 ab 19.79 ab 18.56 c 17.76 b 16.47 b 14.78 b 13.31 b
W2 18.96 b 19.52 b 19.16 b 18.31 ab 16.87 ab 15.92 a 13.29 b
W3 19.19 ab 20.18 a 19.74 a 18.96 ab 17.83 a 16.36 a 13.82 a
CK 19.75 a 20.28 a 19.57 ab 19.19 a 18.85 a 16.00 a 13.23 b

Fig. 4

Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on content of non-structural carbohydrate of maize after anthesis in 2020 Treatments and periods are the same as those given in Table 2 and Fig. 1, respectively. a: sucrose; b: soluble sugar; c: starch."

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