作物学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 1736-1742.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01736
张均华1, 2,刘建立1,*,张佳宝1,赵夫涛3,程亚南1,2,王伟鹏1,2
ZHANG Jun-Hua12,LIU Jian-Li1*,ZHANG Jia-Bao1,ZHAO Fu-Chao3,CHENG Ya12,WANG Wei-Peng12
摘要: 为探讨太湖地区稻麦轮作农田适宜施氮量及氮素对干物质转运与氮肥利用的影响, 于2007—2009期间在中国科学院常熟农业生态实验站建立田间定位试验。设置4个氮肥处理水平, 分别用N0、N1、N2和N3表示。水稻各处理的施氮量分别为0、125、225和325 kg hm-2;小麦相应处理施氮量分别为0、94、169和244 kg hm-2(为稻季相应处理施氮量的75%)。结果表明, 水稻施氮量超过225 kg hm-2, 小麦施氮量超过169 kg hm-2后, 产量增加不显著。水稻、小麦开花期干物质积累量均随施氮量的增加而增加, 但花前营养器官干物质转运对籽粒贡献率均随氮肥用量增加而降低;氮肥农学效率与氮肥生理效率均随氮肥用量增加而降低, 且N2与N3处理之间差异不显著;边际产量均随施氮量增加而下降, N3处理边际效益水稻平均低于3.1 kg kg-1, 小麦平均低于2.4 kg kg-1。综上所述, 无论水稻还是小麦, N2处理既能保证较高物质转运率, 又能保证较高的氮肥利用效率与经济效益。
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