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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 310-315.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83034

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同玉米杂交品种吐丝持续期特性及其对播期的响应

刘月娥,吕天放,赵久然(),王荣焕(),徐田军,陈传永,张译天,王元东,刘秀芝   

  1. 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心 / 玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室, 北京100097
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-18 接受日期:2018-10-08 出版日期:2019-02-12 网络出版日期:2018-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 赵久然,王荣焕
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106);本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101104);国家自然科学基金项目(31601247);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-11);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金项目(QNJJ201728);北京市农林科学院院级科技创新团队建设项目资助(JNKYT201603)

Silking duration characteristics in different maize hybrids and its response to sowing date

Yue-E LIU,Tian-Fang LYU,Jiu-Ran ZHAO(),Rong-Huan WANG(),Tian-Jun XU,Chuan-Yong CHEN,Yi-Tian ZHANG,Yuan-Dong WANG,Xiu-Zhi LIU   

  1. Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences / Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2018-04-18 Accepted:2018-10-08 Published:2019-02-12 Published online:2018-11-05
  • Contact: Jiu-Ran ZHAO,Rong-Huan WANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300106);This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101104);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601247);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-11);the Youth Research Fund of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ201728);and the Innovative Team Construction Project of BAAFS(JNKYT201603)

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摘要：

吐丝期是决定玉米产量的关键时期, 研究其相关特性, 对玉米生产意义重大。为准确分析不同玉米品种吐丝特性的差异及其对播期的响应, 于2014年和2015年设置了3个玉米主推品种(郑单958、先玉335和京科968)的3个播期处理(早播: 4月10日, 中播: 5月10日, 晚播: 6月10日), 分析了各个处理间吐丝持续期的差异以及吐丝持续期与雌穗穗长变异及产量构成因素的关系。结果表明: (1)群体吐丝持续期在品种间存在显著差异, 表现为先玉335 (9.12 d) >郑单958 (8.94 d) >京科968 (7.68 d)。随时间推进, 玉米每天吐丝的比例与天数为先升高后降低的二次函数关系, 每天最大吐丝比例为先玉335 (16.51%)<郑单958 (17.07%)<京科968 (19.98%)。京科968较郑单958和先玉335呈现吐丝集中, 每天吐丝比例较高、吐丝持续期短的特点; (2)吐丝持续期在不同播期间差异显著, 郑单958、先玉335和京科968不同播期间的吐丝持续期变幅分别为8.10~9.55 d、7.54~10.53 d和6.65~8.66 d, 郑单958的吐丝持续期在不同播期间最稳定(CV=6.57%), 其次为京科968 (CV=9.40%), 先玉335的吐丝持续期在不同播期间的变化最不稳定(CV=11.68%); (3)吐丝持续期与雌穗穗长的变异系数呈显著正相关, 与产量和穗粒数呈显著负相关, 与千粒重不相关。播期对玉米吐丝持续期具有显著的调控作用。随吐丝持续期增加, 玉米雌穗穗长的变异系数显著增大, 群体果穗的整齐度降低, 穗粒数显著减少, 是玉米产量显著降低的主要原因。

关键词: 玉米, 品种, 吐丝持续期, 播期, 产量

Abstract:

Silking is an important growth stage and has important effects on maize (Zea mays L.) yield. The research of silking characteristics plays a fundamental role in maize productivity. To examine the silking characteristics difference of different maize hybrids and its responses to sowing date, we conducted an experiment with three sowing date (4/10, 5/10, 6/10) treatments using the most widely cultivated maize hybrids of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335), and Jingke 968 (JK968). The silking duration difference between different hybrids and the relationship of silking duration with ear length variation and yield components were analyzed. The significant differences were found in silking durations with an order of XY335 (9.12 d) > ZD958 (8.94 d) > JK968 (7.68 d). The silking ratio per day was well correlated with days to silking (P < 0.05), A non-linear positive relationship existed between silking ratio per day (y) and days to silking (x). The highest silking ratio per day showed an order of XY335 (16.51%) < ZD958 (17.07%) < JK968 (19.98%). Significant differences of silking duration were found between different sowing date treatments. The silking durations of ZD958, XY335, and JK968 in different sowing date treatment ranged from 8.10 d to 9.55 d (CV = 6.57%), from 7.54 d to 10.53 d (CV = 9.40%), from 6.55 d to 8.66 d (CV = 11.68%), respectively. Silking duration significantly and positively correlated the coefficient of variation of ear length, and negatively correlated with yield and kernel number per ear. No significant correlation was found between silking duration and 1000-kernel weight. Sowing date has significant effects on silking duration. With increasing silking duration , the coefficient of variation of ear length is increased significantly, the uniformity of ear length and kernel number per ear are decreased, resulting in maize yield decrease significantly.

Key words: maize, hybrid, silking duration, sowing date, yield

图1

不同玉米品种每天吐丝比例的变化 **和*表示在0.01和0.05水平显著相关。"

表1

不同玉米品种的吐丝持续期"

品种
Hybrid		 2014 2015 平均值
Average (d)		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)
May 10 June 10 April 10 May 10 June 10
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 9.23 8.10 9.24 9.55 8.59 8.94 a 6.57
先玉335 Xianyu 335 7.54 9.02 9.25 10.53 9.25 9.12 a 11.68
京科968 Jingke 968 6.65 7.54 7.67 8.66 7.89 7.68 b 9.40

表2

不同玉米品种抽雄吐丝日期及抽雄吐丝间隔"

年份
Year		 播期
Sowing date
(month/day)		 品种
Cultivar		 抽雄日期
Tasseling date
(month/day)		 吐丝日期
Silking date
(month/day)		 抽雄吐丝间隔
Interval between tasseling and silking (d)
2014 5/10 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7/8 7/9 1
先玉335 Xianyu 335 7/10 7/8 2
京科968 Jingke 968 7/10 7/11 1
6/10 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 8/3 8/5 2
先玉335 Xianyu 335 8/4 8/5 1
京科968 Jingke 968 8/6 8/8 2
2015 4/10 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 6/22 6/26 4
先玉335 Xianyu 335 6/23 6/25 2
京科968 Jingke 968 6/23 6/27 4
5/10 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7/10 7/12 2
先玉335 Xianyu 335 7/9 7/11 2
京科968 Jingke 968 7/12 7/14 2
6/10 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 8/4 8/6 2
先玉335 Xianyu 335 8/5 8/6 1
京科968 Jingke 968 8/3 8/5 2

图2

玉米吐丝持续期与雌穗穗长变异的相关分析 ** 和*表示在0.01和0.05水平显著相关。"

图3

玉米吐丝持续期与产量构成因素的相关分析 **和*表示在0.01和0.05水平显著相关。"

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