作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 297-309.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83010
高超1,李学文2,孙艳伟1,周婷3,罗纲1,陈财1
Chao GAO1,Xue-Wen LI2,Yan-Wei SUN1,Ting ZHOU3,Gang LUO1,Cai CHEN1
摘要:
基于淮河流域110个气象站点1961—2015年日尺度气象资料, 利用Penman-Monteith (P-M)公式和作物系数法, 分析夏玉米各生育阶段需水量时空变化特征, 以作物水分亏缺指数(Crop Water Deficit Index, CWDI)为农业干旱评价指标, 揭示夏玉米生育期干旱时空演变规律, 并利用四大类33种分布函数拟合水分亏缺指数序列, 建立最优概率分布模型, 估算淮河流域夏玉米各生育阶段干旱发生概率。结果表明: 1)近55年来, 夏玉米生育期需水量均呈明显下降趋势, 空间分布均大致呈现流域中北部较高而西南部和东南部较低的特征; 2)夏玉米各生育阶段水分亏缺指数无明显趋势变化, 除拔节—抽雄期外, 其余生育阶段流域整体上均呈现水分亏缺状态, 且流域北部相对于南部水分亏缺严重; 3)夏玉米生育期中, 播种—出苗期和抽雄—乳熟期干旱发生概率最大, 除播种—出苗期特旱发生概率在30%~50%之间, 各生育阶段不同等级干旱概率均大致在20%以内。
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