作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 289-296.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.01105
李成江1,李大肥2,周桂夙1,许龙2,徐天养2,赵正雄1,*()
Cheng-Jiang LI1,Da-Fei LI2,Gui-Su ZHOU1,Long XU2,Tian-Yang XU2,Zheng-Xiong ZHAO1,*()
摘要:
采用田间试验研究了稻壳炭、木屑炭对烤烟根区土壤微生物、根茎病害发生以及烟叶产量的影响。结果表明, 生物炭施用明显影响着烤烟根区土壤微生物数量及其对碳源的利用, 进而影响着青枯病、黑胫病的发生情况和烟叶的产量、产值, 但其效果因生物炭种类而异。木屑炭处理烤烟旺长期细菌和采烤前放线菌的数量明显比对照增加了11.7%和12.8%, 而稻壳炭处理旺长和初烤时的真菌数量显著增加。植烟土壤中青枯菌和黑胫病菌的数量及其占微生物总量的百分比也以施用生物炭处理显著低于对照, 而烤烟旺长期根区微生物对碳源的利用能力则相反; 到烟叶采烤前, 根区微生物对酚酸类和胺类的利用以生物炭处理相对最低; 上述情况以木屑炭处理较稻壳炭处理更为明显。与对照相比, 木屑炭处理青枯病的发病率和病情指数降低了24.3%和33.3%, 黑胫病的发病率和病情指数降低了23.9%和14.9%, 产量和产值增加了4.7%和21.1%; 稻壳炭处理青枯病发病率和病情指数降低了18.1%和23.9%, 黑胫病的发病率和病情指数降低了15.9%和6.0%, 产量和产值增加了2.2%和12.0%。综合而言, 施用生物炭能较好地改善土壤微生物状况及其对碳源的利用, 减少青枯病和黑胫病的发生, 增加烟叶的产量和产值; 其中以木屑炭处理效果更佳。
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