高产高油花生品种的光合与物质生产特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84050

作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 276-288.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84050

高产高油花生品种的光合与物质生产特征

陈四龙,程增书,宋亚辉,王瑾,刘义杰,张朋娟,李玉荣()

河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 / 河北省作物遗传育种实验室, 河北石家庄 050035

收稿日期:2018-04-03 接受日期:2018-10-08 出版日期:2019-02-12 网络出版日期:2019-01-01
通讯作者: 李玉荣
基金资助:
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31771843);本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31201239);河北省人才培养工程(2017-192);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);河北省现代农业科技创新工程项目(494-0402-YBN-XGHI);河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目资助(16226301D)

Leaf photosynthesis and matter production dynamic characteristics of peanut varieties with high yield and high oil content

Si-Long CHEN,Zeng-Shu CHENG,Ya-Hui SONG,Jin WANG,Yi-Jie LIU,Peng-Juan ZHANG,Yu-Rong LI()

Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China

Received:2018-04-03 Accepted:2018-10-08 Published:2019-02-12 Published online:2019-01-01
Contact: Yu-Rong LI
Supported by:
his study was supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771843);his study was supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201239);the Hebei Province Talent Training Project(2017-192);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13);the Hebei Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Research Project(494-0402-YBN-XGHI);and the Hebei Province Science and Technology R&D Plan(16226301D)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以冀花2号、冀花4号和鲁花12号为材料, 连续测定干物质、荚果产量、含油量及叶片光合指标, 定量分析高产高油花生品种冀花4号物质生产指标的动态特征和叶片光合性能, 为解析花生高产高油形成机制和优质高效栽培提供依据。结果表明, 荚果产量和籽仁含油量均以冀花4号最高。干物质平均积累速率和最大积累速率均以冀花4号>冀花2号>鲁花12号, 且冀花4号干物质积累潜力适中; 籽仁油分最大积累速率和平均积累速率均以冀花4号>鲁花12号>冀花2号, 籽仁油分积累活跃期以冀花4号最短。冀花4号全生育期的光合势显著高于冀花2号和鲁花12号, 分别高20%以上, 产量形成期的光合势占全生育期的80%, 冀花4号结荚期光合速率比冀花2号和鲁花12号均高24%以上; 光饱和点和CO₂饱和点均为冀花4号最高。荚果产量与干物质平均积累速率、叶片光合速率和总光合势呈极显著正相关; 籽仁含油量与单株干物质积累速率、籽仁油分平均积累速率、光饱和点、CO₂饱和点、经济系数、出仁率等显著或极显著相关; 荚果产量与含油量极显著正相关。冀花4号具有较高的经济系数、总光合势及结荚期后分配比例、光合速率、光饱和点和CO₂饱和点, 以及相对较高的干物质和油分积累平均速率, 是其较冀花2号和鲁花12号高产高油的重要原因。

关键词: 花生, 干物质积累, 产量, 油分积累, 光合特征

Abstract:

The pod yield and seed oil content are important factors affecting oil yield in peanut varieties. Obviously, it is essential for high oil yield to explore the dry matter accumulate, yield, seed oil content and leaf photosynthesis characteristics. In order to clarify the formation mechanisms for high yield and high oil content in peanut varieties and to provide a theoretical base for peanut high quality and high yield cultivation techniques, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate three widely cultivated peanut varieties (Jihua 2 and Luhua 12, the high-yield and normal-oil; Jihua 4, the high-yield and high-oil). The dry matter accumulation, pod yield, seed oil content accumulation, and leaf photosynthetic characteristics were determined, showing that the pod yield and seed oil content of Jihua 4 were the highest among the three varieties used. The average rate of dry matter accumulation and the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation showed a trend of Jihua 4 > Jihua 2 > Luhua 12. The maximum weight of dry matter of Jihua 4 was moderate. The maximum seed oil accumulation rate and average seed oil accumulation rate showed a trend of Jihua 4 > Luhua 12 > Jihua 2, the active seed oil accumulation stage of Jihua 2 was the longest, while that of Jihua 4 was the shortest among the three varieties. The leaf photosynthesis potential of Jihua 4 in the entire growth period was above 20% higher than that of Jihua 2 and Luhua 12, respectively. The photosynthesis potential in pod-setting stage was very important to peanut yield, accounting for 80% over whole growing season. The leaf photosynthetic rate of Jihua 4 at pod-setting stage was more than 24% higher than that of Jihua 2 and Luhua 12. There was a significant difference in photosynthesis parameters among the three varieties. The light saturation point and CO₂ saturation point of Jihua 4 were the highest. The pod yield was positively significantly correlated with average plant dry matter accumulation rate, leaf photosynthetic rate and total leaf area duration, respectively. The seed oil content was positively significantly correlated with average plant dry matter accumulation rate, average seed oil accumulation rate, light saturation point, CO₂ saturation point. Furthermore, there existed a weak but significant correlation between pod yield and seed oil content. In conclusion, Jihua 4 has higher economic coefficient, photosynthesis potential after pod-setting stage, leaf photosynthetic rate, light saturation point and CO₂ saturation point, average accumulation rate of dry matter and seed oil, which is the main reason for higher productivity potential in yield and oil in Jihua 4.

Key words: peanut, dry matter accumulation, yield, oil accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics

陈四龙,程增书,宋亚辉,王瑾,刘义杰,张朋娟,李玉荣. 高产高油花生品种的光合与物质生产特征[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(2): 276-288.

Si-Long CHEN,Zeng-Shu CHENG,Ya-Hui SONG,Jin WANG,Yi-Jie LIU,Peng-Juan ZHANG,Yu-Rong LI. Leaf photosynthesis and matter production dynamic characteristics of peanut varieties with high yield and high oil content[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(2): 276-288.

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品种 Variety	模拟方程 Simulation equation	最大积累速率 MAR (g d^-1)	MAR出现时间 Day of MAR (d)	平均积累速率 ARMAR (g d^-1)	活跃积累期 AAS (d)
2014
冀花2号Jihua 2	Y=61.33/(1+40.72e^-0.06^t)	0.96	59.5	0.64	42.31
冀花4号Jihua 4	Y=57.77/(1+38.75e^-0.07^t)	0.97	54.6	0.65	39.35
鲁花12号Luhua 12	Y=46.24/(1+36.36e^-0.06^t)	0.74	56.0	0.50	41.04
2015
冀花2号Jihua 2	Y=62.88/(1+97.39e^-0.07^t)	1.18	61.2	0.78	35.21
冀花4号Jihua 4	Y=56.20/(1+644.30e^-0.11^t)	1.58	57.6	1.05	23.45
鲁花12号Luhua 12	Y=48.67/(1+92.02e^-0.08^t)	0.97	56.9	0.64	33.14

品种 Variety	单株果数 Pods per plant	饱果率 Rate of full-pod (%)	出仁率 Shelling percentage (%)	千克果数 Pods per kg	千克仁数 Seeds per kg	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg hm^-2)
2014
冀花2号Jihua 2	8±0.46 c	59.7±3.55 c	73.08±0.16 b	684±19.73 a	1444±10.07 c	4040.75±84.79 b
冀花4号Jihua 4	11±0.67 a	73.2±4.36 a	77.85±0.23 a	737±19.74 a	1569±15.72 b	4350.35±83.03 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	9±0.54 b	67.8±4.03 b	76.51±0.77 a	749±26.59 a	1699±34.67 a	3002.00±35.27 c
2015
冀花2号Jihua 2	12±1.49 b	74.2±0.59 c	72.10±0.10 b	659±4.00 b	1504±41.67 b	5050.10±366.01 a
冀花4号Jihua 4	14±0.80 a	82.1±3.06 a	73.50±1.44 a	779±1.73 a	1335±24.43 c	5162.36±141.52 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	11±0.81 b	79.4±1.50 b	72.87±0.37 b	778±13.33 a	1891±83.00 a	4108.11±321.81 b
变异来源 Source of variation^?
品种Variety (V)	0.034 ^*	0.001 ^**	0.002 ^**	0.000 ^**	0.000 ^**	0.000 ^**
年份Year (Y)	0.031 ^*	0.000 ^**	0.000 ^**	0.287 ^NS	0.000 ^**	0.000 ^**
互作V×Y	0.826 ^NS	0.085 ^NS	0.073 ^NS	0.148 ^NS	0.000 ^**	0.785 ^NS

参数 Parameter	冀花2号Jihua 2		冀花4号Jihua 4		鲁花12号Luhua 12
参数 Parameter	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015
R²	0.9835	0.9971	0.9876	0.9984	0.9870	0.9989
A	52.79	51.91	55.39	54.93	50.95	51.65
B	0.79	4.05E+8	1.01	3.11E+8	0.22	7.74E+8
K	0.0535	0.2602	0.0586	0.2668	0.0598	0.2541
N	0.0551	7.2635	0.0513	5.6420	0.0168	6.6660
G_max	1.012	1.222	1.164	1.577	1.112	1.261
$\bar{G}$	0.688	0.729	0.791	0.959	0.756	0.757
T_max.G	50.8	68.5	49.7	66.8	43.1	64.0
T	76.7	71.2	67.4	57.3	70.0	68.2
W_max	19.94	38.82	20.89	39.27	18.90	38.05

品种 Variety	光合速率 P_n (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	叶片水分利用效率 L_WUE (μmol CO₂/ mmol H₂O)
2014
冀花2号Jihua 2	16.47±0.49 b	0.42±0.02 b	256.35±6.88 a	7.12±0.24 a	2.32±0.05 a
冀花4号Jihua 4	21.01±0.96 a	0.57±0.03 a	252.64±9.52 a	8.48±0.78 a	2.55±0.22 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	13.69±1.12 b	0.39±0.05 b	260.56±5.36 a	7.91±0.48 a	1.72±0.05 b
2015
冀花2号Jihua 2	15.55±0.89 b	0.38±1.23 c	243.03±20.69 b	6.76±1.55 b	2.36±0.03 a
冀花4号Jihua 4	19.30±1.25 a	0.54±1.07 a	245.04±11.10 b	8.14±0.85 a	2.42±0.05 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	15.52±2.02 b	0.47±0.65 b	253.63±18.52 a	8.08±0.64 a	1.90±0.01 b

品种 Variety	暗呼吸速率 DkRR (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	初始量子效率 IQE	最大光合速率 MPRl (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	光补偿点 LCP (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	光饱和点 LSP (μmol m^-2 s^-1)
2014
冀花2号Jihua 2	2.04±0.01 a	0.0297±0.001 a	17.57±0.98 b	72.45±1.95 a	2222.40±19.52 b
冀花4号Jihua 4	0.60±0.01 b	0.0519±0.001 a	25.19±1.10 a	11.86±1.03 c	2922.54±21.11 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	1.10±0.01 b	0.0207±0.001 a	11.81±0.75 b	55.65±2.36 b	2358.51±13.64 b
2015
冀花2号Jihua 2	2.48±0.01 b	0.0642±0.001 b	16.08±0.19 b	42.43±1.65 b	1559.33±19.71 c
冀花4号Jihua 4	2.36±0.02 b	0.0755±0.001 a	19.28±0.21 a	34.07±0.91 c	2275.17±10.12 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	3.09±0.01 a	0.0654±0.001 b	14.92±0.26 b	58.11±1.18 a	1789.32±16.43 b

高产高油花生品种的光合与物质生产特征

Leaf photosynthesis and matter production dynamic characteristics of peanut varieties with high yield and high oil content

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品种 Variety	初始羧化效率 ICE (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	CO₂饱和点 CSP (μmol mol^-1)	最大净光合速率 MPRc (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	CO₂补偿点 CCP (μmol mol^-1)	光呼吸速率 DyRR (μmol m^-2s^-1)
2014
冀花2号Jihua 2	0.19±0.02 a	728.40±10.21 a	28.86±2.34 b	58.86±3.01 a	9.63±0.18 a
冀花4号Jihua 4	0.16±0.01 a	781.95±5.30 a	35.89±1.65 a	56.56±2.32 b	8.26±0.05 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	0.12±0.01 a	674.33±13.84 b	24.56±0.97 b	56.87±1.54 b	6.29±0.12 b
2015
冀花2号Jihua 2	0.29±0.01 a	632.65±9.05 b	27.39±1.85 b	44.26±2.58 b	10.47±0.84 a
冀花4号Jihua 4	0.25±0.01 b	647.91±10.21 a	34.10±1.08 a	47.21±1.66 b	10.42±0.95 a
鲁花12号Luhua 12	0.23±0.01 b	621.57±11.02 c	24.40±0.94 b	55.15±1.23 a	10.42±0.87 a

性状指标 Index	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅	x₆	x₇	x₈	x₉	x₁₀
x₂	0.239
x₃	0.222	0.635^**
x₄	0.552^**	0.879^**	0.753^**
x₅	0.774^**	0.506	0.706^**	0.740^**
x₆	-0.474	0.365	-0.169	0.101	-0.380
x₇	-0.127	0.329	0.746^**	0.476^*	0.313	0.031
x₈	0.503^*	0.396	0.635^**	0.754^**	0.588^**	-0.090	0.652^**
x₉	0.850^**	0.420	0.562^**	0.750^**	0.872^**	-0.450	0.198	0.775^**
x₁₀	-0.190	0.511^*	0.529^**	0.555^**	0.042	0.542	0.233	0.621^**	0.068
x₁₁	0.867^**	0.256	0.029	0.540^**	0.414	-0.156	-0.201	0.574^**	0.790^**	-0.057

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