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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 932-940.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84112

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于生命周期法的中国2004—2015年油菜生产氮足迹分析

陈中督,徐春春,纪龙,方福平()   

  1. 中国水稻研究所, 浙江杭州 311300
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-23 接受日期:2019-01-12 出版日期:2019-06-12 网络出版日期:2019-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 方福平
  • 作者简介:E-mail: chenzhongdu@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300210);浙江省自然科学基金青年基金项目(LQ18G030013)

Assessment of the nitrogen footprint in oilseed rape production of China during 2004 to 2015 base on life cycle assessment method

Zhong-Du CHEN,Chun-Chun XU,Long JI,Fu-Ping FANG()   

  1. China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2018-08-23 Accepted:2019-01-12 Published:2019-06-12 Published online:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Fu-Ping FANG
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300210);the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(LQ18G030013)

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摘要：

农业领域的活性氮排放日趋严重, 系统分析农业生产过程中活性氮排放有利于促进我国农业绿色健康发展。本文基于2004—2015年我国油菜产量、农资投入产出等统计资料数据, 运用氮足迹理论和生命周期法系统评价我国油菜生产氮足迹时空分布状况及其构成。结果表明, 我国油菜生产单位面积氮足迹为7572.0 g N-eq hm -2, 呈现逐年下降的趋势。氮肥投入和NH3挥发是我国油菜生产活性氮排放主要来源, 分别占油菜生产氮足迹的20%和54%。内蒙古、上海、江苏3个省、区、市的单位面积氮足迹和单位产量氮足迹显著高于低产省市, 其中氮肥、磷肥、复合肥产生的氮足迹值分别高80.6%、76.9%和57.8% (P < 0.05)。我国油菜单位面积氮足迹随着油菜产量的增加呈增加的趋势, 但不存在显著相关性。研究结论表明, 发展油菜生产节肥技术是我国油菜绿色健康发展的重要举措。

关键词: 氮足迹, 油菜, 生命周期, 时空分布, 中国

Abstract:

The loss of reactive nitrogen in agriculture has increasingly become serious, systematic analysis of reactive nitrogen emissions from agricultural production is conducive to promoting the green and healthy development of agriculture in China. Based on the statistical data of crop yield and farmland investment in the oilseed rape production of China, the spatiotemporal dynamic change of nitrogen footprint (NF) and its composition of oilseed rape during 2004-2015 in China was estimated using the theory of NF and life cycle assessment method in the agricultural sector. The NF of oilseed rape was 7572.0 g N-eq ha -1 during 2004-2015, and decreasing year by year, with an average annual decline of 1.0%. The main components of the NF were from fertilizer application (20%) and NH3 emission (54%) in the oilseed rape production. Obvious differences also were observed among mainly agricultural provinces in China, that is, the higher nitrogen footprint per area (NFa) and nitrogen footprint per yield (NFy) in Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, and Jiangsu region. The NFa and NFy in high yield region were significantly higher than those in low yield region. Among them, the NF of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer increased by 80.6%, 76.9%, and 57.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). The NFa of rapeseed in China showed a trend of increase with the increase of rapeseed yield, but there was no significant correlation. The results suggest that improving crop management practices that limit fertilizer consumption is an important measure for the green and healthy development of rapeseed in China.

Key words: nitrogen footprint, oilseed rape, life cycle assessment, spatiotemporal distribution, China

图1

活性氮排放计算边界"

表1

农业投入资料的活性氮排放系数"

项目
Item		 N2O排放系数
N2O emission coefficient
(g N-eq kg-1)		 NOx排放系数
NOx emission coefficient
(g N-eq kg-1)
柴油Diesel 0.06 0.5
柴油燃烧Combustion 0.14 3.83
氮肥N 0.09 13.47
磷肥P2O5 0.013 2.16
钾肥K2O 0.017 2.90
杀虫剂 Insecticides 0.1661 13.18
除草剂 Herbicides 0.1015 8.06
杀菌剂 Fungicides 0.1057 8.41

图2

2004-2015年我国油菜生产单位面积氮足迹(a)、单位产量氮足迹(b)变化情况"

表2

2004-2015年我国油菜生产单位面积氮足迹大小及组成"

种类
Item		 年份 Year
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
农资投入 Farm inputs (g N-eq hm-2)
氮肥 N 1659.7 1509.2 1574.3 1525.5 1454.3 1511.3 1470.6 1448.2 1346.5 1275.3 1303.8 1271.3
磷肥 P 59.3 76.3 79.5 73.7 56.7 63.2 54.4 55.7 49.9 45.3 38.8 38.5
钾肥 K 12.3 16.6 10.1 9.6 10.9 6.1 7.4 6.1 7.9 6.6 5.7 6.6
复混肥 CF 124.6 164.5 178.3 206.9 223.2 225.3 251.4 251.8 263.1 305.1 329.8 347.9
除草剂 H 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
杀虫剂 In 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
杀菌剂 Fu 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4
柴油 D 31.1 29.8 27.6 35.8 38.4 46.4 49.9 52.1 63.5 71.2 91.2 101.3
直接活性氮损失 Direct reactive nitrogen loss
Nr-NH3 4413.2 4106.8 4296.2 4225.5 4076.0 4223.4 4168.5 4112.9 3877.3 3774.7 3891.9 3842.9
Nr-NO3- 353.7 329.2 344.4 338.7 326.7 338.5 334.1 329.7 310.8 302.6 312.0 308.0
Nr-NH4+ 1108.8 1031.8 1079.4 1061.6 1024.1 1061.1 1047.3 1033.4 974.2 948.4 977.8 965.5
Nr-N2O 289.7 269.6 282.0 277.3 267.5 277.2 273.6 270.0 254.5 247.8 255.5 252.3
NFa (g N-eq hm-2) 8114.0 7595.2 7933.4 7816.2 7539.5 7814.1 7718.9 7621.4 7209.1 7038.4 7267.9 7195.7
NFy (g N-eq kg-1) 4.02 3.97 4.03 3.57 3.73 3.92 4.11 3.90 3.69 3.37 3.62 3.45

图3

我国各省份2004-2015年油菜生产单位面积氮足迹、单位产量氮足迹及其变化率分布 a: 单位面积氮足迹分布; b: 2004-2015年单位面积氮足迹变化率分布; c: 单位产量氮足迹分布; d: 2004-2015年单位产量氮足迹变化率分布。"

表3

我国典型省份冬油菜氮足迹、投入及产业构成"

项目
Item		 氮足迹、投入及构成Nitrogen footprint, input and composition
高产High yield 低产 Low yield
省市 Province or municipality 上海 Shanghai 安徽 Anhui
江苏 Jiangsu 江西 Jiangxi
浙江 Zhejiang 湖南 Hunan
农资投入 氮肥N 2110.9±455.4 1168.9±211.1
Farm input (g N-eq hm-2) 磷肥P 68.1±21.1 38.5±10.2
钾肥K 3.9±1.2 12.1±6.5
复混肥CF 308.9±91.2 195.8±62.5
除草剂 H 1.6 1.6
杀虫剂 In 0.57 0.57
杀菌剂 Fu 59.35 59.35
柴油 D 49.8±11.3 30.47±8.7
项目
Item		 氮足迹、投入及构成Nitrogen footprint , input and composition
高产High yield 低产 Low yield
田间直接氮损失 Nr-NH3 5888.6±1231.1 3306.1±721.5
Indirect emission in field Nr-NO3- 472.0±101.3 265.0±92.2
(g N-eq hm-2) Nr-NH4+ 1479.5±311.4 830.6±111.2
Nr-N2O 386.5±101.7 217.0±91.2
单位面积氮足迹 NFa (g N-eq hm-2) 10829.8±2221.1 6126.0±1101.6
产量 Yield (kg hm-2) 2328.0±913.4 1708.8±771.3
单位产量氮足迹 NFy (g N-eq kg-1) 4.74±1.14 3.61±1.01

图4

中国油菜产量与单位面积氮足迹(a)和单位产量氮足迹(b)的关系"

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