欢迎访问作物学报,今天是

作物学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 1985-1993.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01985

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮肥施用模式下北方粳型超级稻物质生产特性分析

史鸿儒;张文忠*;解文孝;杨庆;张振宇;韩亚东;徐正进;陈温福   

  1. 沈阳农业大学水稻研究所 / 农业部作物生理生态遗传育种重点开放实验室 / 辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161
  • 收稿日期:2008-03-08 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-11-13 网络出版日期:2008-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 张文忠
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD61A04-6);辽宁省教育厅重点实验室项目(20060753)

Analysis of Matter Production Characteristics under Different Nitrogen Application Patterns of Japonica Super Rice in North China

SHI Hong-Ru,ZHANG Wen-Zhong*,XIE Wen-Xiao,YANG Qing,ZHANG Zhen-Yu,HAN Ya-Dong,XU Zheng-Jin,CHEN Wen-Fu   

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Breeding of Liaoning / Rice Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2008-03-08 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2008-11-13 Published online:2008-09-06
  • Contact: ZHANG Wen-Zhong

摘要:

以北方粳型超级稻品种沈农265为试材,分析了4种不同施氮模式的群体叶蘖建成动态、物质生产特性及产量构成特点,探讨了不同施氮模式下物质生产特性对产量形成的影响。结果表明,各施氮模式均表现14.5 kg 667 m-2施氮水平产量显著高于12.5 kg 667 m-2施氮水平的产量,且14.5 kg 667 m-2施氮水平各施氮模式增产都是因为增加了穗外因素(穗数、单位面积颖花数和单位面积实粒数),降低了穗内因素(穗重、千粒重、结实率、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数)。在相同施氮总量下,“三段五次”和“稳前、攻中、优后”施氮模式产量显著高于“一头轰”和“长效一次性”施氮模式,但“三段五次”模式以提高单位面积穗数、单位面积实粒数等穗外因素来增产,而“稳前、攻中、优后”模式以增加穗重、千粒重等穗内因素来获得高产,前两者产量都显著高于后两者,主要是因为前两者抽穗后新增同化产物(同化物直接供应量)和抽穗前营养器官储存物质的二次利用量(同化物间接供应量)均高,营养器官的物质输出率和对产量的贡献率均高。此外,在2种施氮水平下,前两者的氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观利用率和单位土地面积上的总吸氮量均显著高于其他施氮模式。在14.5 kg 667 m-2施氮水平下,前两施氮模式都获得了超高产量(>11 t hm-2)。

关键词: 粳型超级稻, 施氮模式, 超高产量, 物质生产, 产量结构

Abstract:

The japonica super rice in North China ‘Shennong 265’ was used to study the tiller dynamics, the LAI dynamics, matter production characteristics, yield component characteristics and the effects of matter production characteristics on yield under four different nitrogen application patterns. The results showed that for each nitrogen application pattern, the yield under high nitrogen application (14.5 kg 667 m-2) was significantly higher than that under low nitrogen level (12.5 kg 667 m-2). On yield component, the high yields under high nitrogen application patterns lay in the increase of factors “outside panicles” (number of panicles, number of spikelet per square meter, filled grains per square meter) and the decrease of factors “inside panicles” (weight per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle). On the same nitrogen application level, the yields of “Five-time application in three periods” (FTATP) pattern and “Stable application at early stage large application at middle stage and satisfied application at late stage” (SELMSL) pattern were significantly higher than those of “All application at early stage” (AAES) pattern and “Slow-release fertilizer applied once at early stage” (SRFAOES) pattern. But the yield components of FTATP and SELMSL were different. FTATP increased yield by improving factors “outside panicles”, while SELMSL reached high yield by improving factors “inside panicles”, The yields of FTATP and SELMSL were significantly higher than those of AAES and SRFAOES, which lay in the increase new assimilate after heading (assimilate supplying directly) and the secondary utilization of the matter accumulated in nutritorium before heading (assimilate supplying indirectly) under FTATP and SELMSL. And the matter output rate and contribution rate to the yield from nutritorium were higher than those under AAES and SRFAOES. Besides, with the two nitrogen application levels, FTATP and SELMSL had significantly higher Agronomic N use efficiency, Apparent N recovery efficiency, total N per square meter than the other patterns. Under 14.5 kg 667 m-2 of nitrogen application, FTATP and SELMSL reached the super high yield (>11 t ha-1).

Key words: Japonica super rice, Nitrogen application pattern, Super high yield, Matter production, Yield component

[1] 车阳, 程爽, 田晋钰, 陶钰, 刘秋员, 邢志鹏, 窦志, 徐强, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 高辉, 张洪程. 不同稻田综合种养模式下水稻产量形成特点及其稻米品质和经济效益差异[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1953-1965.
[2] 王旭虹,李鸣晓,张群,金峰,马秀芳,姜树坤,徐正进,陈温福. 籼型血缘对籼粳稻杂交后代产量和加工及外观品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(4): 538-545.
[3] 周培禄,任红,齐华,赵明,李从锋. 氮肥用量对两种不同类型玉米杂交种物质生产及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(02): 263-276.
[4] 宋航,周卫霞,袁刘正,靳英杰,李鸿萍,杨艳,尤东玲,李潮海*. 光、氮及其互作对玉米氮素吸收利用和物质生产的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(12): 1844-1852.
[5] 韦还和,孟天瑶,李超,张洪程,史天宇,马荣荣,王晓燕,杨筠文,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫. 甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(02): 265-277.
[6] 何立谦,张维宏,张永升,曹彩云,李科江,杜雄. 土下微膜覆盖与灌水管理对冬小麦水分利用与物质生产效果的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(11): 1980-1989.
[7] 朱聪聪,张洪程,郭保卫,曹利强,江峰,葛梦婕,花劲,宋云生,周兴涛,霍中洋,许轲, 戴其根,魏海燕,朱大伟. 钵苗机插密度对不同类型水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(01): 122-133.
[8] 汤永禄,李朝苏,吴春,吴晓丽,黄钢,何刚. 四川盆地单产9000 kg hm−2以上超高产小麦品种产量结构与干物质积累特点[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(01): 134-142.
[9] 王亚江,葛梦婕,颜希亭,魏海燕,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲. 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻产量和物质生产特征的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(01): 154-165.
[10] 许轲,郭保卫,张洪程,周兴涛,陈厚存,张军,陈京都,朱聪聪,李桂云,吴中华,戴其根,霍中洋,魏海燕,高辉,曹利强,李明银. 有序摆抛栽对超级稻超高产与光合生产力的影响及水稻超高产模式探索[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(09): 1652-1667.
[11] 李敏,张洪程,杨雄,葛梦婕,马群,魏海燕,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲. 水稻高产氮高效型品种的物质积累与转运特性[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(01): 101-109.
[12] 邓飞,王丽,刘利,刘代银,任万军, 杨文钰. 不同生态条件下栽培方式对水稻干物质生产和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(10): 1930-1942.
[13] 陈国平, 高聚林, 赵明, 董树亭, 李少昆, 杨祁峰, 刘永红, 王立春, 薛吉全, 柳京国, 李潮海, 王永宏, 王友德, 宋慧欣, 赵久然. 近年我国玉米超高产田的分布、产量构成及关键技术[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(01): 80-85.
[14] 王永军, 孙其专, 杨今胜, 王空军, 董树亭, 袁翠平, 王立春. 不同地力水平下控释尿素对玉米物质生产及光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(12): 2233-2240.
[15] 李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 龚金龙, 郭振华, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(07): 1235-1248.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!