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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (09): 1652-1667.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01652

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

有序摆抛栽对超级稻超高产与光合生产力的影响及水稻超高产模式探索

许轲1,郭保卫1,张洪程1,周兴涛1,陈厚存2,张军1,陈京都1,朱聪聪1,李桂云2,吴中华2,戴其根1,霍中洋1,魏海燕1,高辉1,曹利强1,李明银1   

  1. 1扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州225009; 2海安县作物栽培技术指导站, 江苏海安226600
  • 收稿日期:2012-09-07 修回日期:2013-03-05 出版日期:2013-09-12 网络出版日期:2013-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家“十二五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03)，超级稻配套栽培技术开发与集成(农业部专项)，江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目“水稻高产目标下的轻简栽培技术体系集成与示范”(CX(12)1003)和江苏省研究生科研创新计划(CXLX11_1018)资助。

Effect of Ordered Transplanting and Optimized Broadcasting on Super High Yield and Photosynthetic Productivity and Exploration of Rice Super High Yield Model

XU Ke1,GUO Bao-Wei1,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*,ZHOU Xing-Tao1,CHEN Hou-Cun2,ZHANG Jun1,CHEN Jing-Du1,ZHU Cong-Cong1,LI Gui-Yun2,WU Zhong-Hua2,DAI Qi-Gen1,HUO Zhong-Yang1,WEI Hai-Yan1,GAO Hui1,CAO Li-Qiang1,LI Min-Ying1   

  1. 1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Crop Cultural Station, Hai’an County, Hai’an 226600, China
  • Received:2012-09-07 Revised:2013-03-05 Published:2013-09-12 Published online:2013-07-09
  • Contact: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn

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摘要：

抛秧是一项水稻轻简化栽培技术，有序化栽插是抛秧稻稳定高产和进一步超高产的基础。本试验通过摆栽、点抛、撒抛3种抛栽方式以及新型秧盘培育稻株的光合物质积累特性的比较，旨在研明水稻有序化栽插超高产的光合物质积累特性，并探索水稻超高产新模式。有序摆栽和点抛群体起点质量高，发棵快，各生育时期群体叶面积、粒叶比、光合势、物质生产、积累、后期剑叶光合速率和物质转运均优于撒抛，后期通风透光性好，仍能保持较强的物质生产和抗倒伏能力，最终产量高。二连孔、三连孔栽插较单孔减少1/3~1/2，提高了栽插速度。三连孔稻苗前期活棵较快，二连孔稻株中、后期表现出较强的优势，能保持较强抗倒伏和群体物质生产能力，最终产量表现为二连孔稻株大于三连孔和单孔，三连孔和单孔稻株间差异不显著。有序摆抛栽稻群体起点质量高，活棵快，前期有着适宜的光合物质积累和叶面积，后期保持较强的光合物质生产、积累和转运能力，是实现超级稻稳定超高产的基础，二连孔稻株整个生育时期均表现出较强的物质生产和生长优势，三连孔稻株也具有一定优势，二连孔、三连孔有序摆抛栽是一种水稻省工超高产栽培新模式。

关键词: 超级稻, 有序摆抛栽, 三连孔, 二连孔, 超高产, 光合特性, 物质生产

Abstract:

Rice seedling broadcasting is a technique of light and simple cultivation method in China and the stable super high yield from using the method relies on the ordered plantation of rice. Three planting methods including ordered transplanting (OT), optimized broadcasting (OB) and cast transplanting (CT) using dry-raising seedlings in plastic plates were compared with mechanical transplanting (MT) to investigate the photosynthetic productivity and matter accumulation characteristics during the formation of super high yield in respect of seedling establishment, tillering, LAI, grain-leaf ratio, photosynthetic potential, matter production, accumulation and translocation in late stages. Using methods of ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting rice seedlings had the better population quality with earlier seedling establishment at the beginning, and their LAI, leaf area duration, grain-leaf ratio, matter production, accumulation in each growing stage, and net photosynthetic rate and matter translocation in later growing stages were all significantly or very significantly superior to those of cast transplanting. Moreover, in late growing stages, they showed comparatively better population light transmittance and ventilation, slower senescence, and higher matter production and lodging resistance as well. The transplanting hill number for of 3- and 2-hole closely gathered plates were 30–60 percent less than that for single-hole ones, which improved transplanting speed. Although 3-hole seedlings had earlier seedling establishment in early growing stage, 2-hole seedlings kept higher matter production and lodging resistance in middle and late growing stages. Eventually, two hole seedings had higher yield than 3-hole seedlings and 1-hole seedlings. With their higher population starting point, earlier seedling establishment, proper matter accumulation in early growing stage as well as higher matter production, accumulation and translocation ability in later growing stages, ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting methods were capable of leading to the stable super high yielding cultivation of super rice. Two-hole plate transplanting seedlings showed better matter production and obvious growth superiority during the whole growth stage, and 3-hole one also showed growth superiority in some aspects, which could lead us to the conclusion that 2- and 3-hole plate seedlings ordered transplanting are new-typed cultivation patterns of super high yielding in super rice.

Key words: Super rice, Ordered transplanting and broadcasting, 3-hole gathered, -hole gathered, Super high yield, Photosynthetic characteristics, Matter production

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