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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 1917-1925.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01917

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 •    下一篇

春化和光周期基因等位变异在23个国家小麦品种中的分布

杨芳萍1,2，韩利明3，阎俊4，夏先春1，张勇1，曲延英3，王忠伟1，何中虎1,5,*   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 国家小麦改良中心, 北京 100081; 2甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070; 3新疆农业大学农学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052; 4 中国农业科学院棉花研究所, 河南安阳 455000; 5 CIMMYT中国办事处, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2011-03-07 修回日期:2011-06-25 出版日期:2011-11-12 网络出版日期:2011-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 何中虎, E-mail: zhhecaas@163.com, Tel: 010-82108547
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2011G-3), “西部之光”人才培养计划, 国家自然科学基金项目(30960193)和甘肃省农业科学院创新项目(2009GAAS20)资助。

Distribution of Allelic Variation for Genes of Vernalization and Photoperiod among Wheat Cultivars from 23 Countries

YANG Fang-Ping1,2,HAN Li-Ming3,YAN Jun4,XIA Xian-Chun1,ZHANG Yong1,QU Yan-Ying3,WANG Zhong-Wei1,HE Zhong-Hu1,5,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences / National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 3 College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
    4 Cotton Research Institute, CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; 5 CIMMYT China Office, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2011-03-07 Revised:2011-06-25 Published:2011-11-12 Published online:2011-09-06
  • Contact: 何中虎, E-mail: zhhecaas@163.com, Tel: 010-82108547

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摘要： 为促进国外资源在我国小麦育种中的有效利用，以小麦春化基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3及光周期位点Ppd-D1标记对23个国家的755份品种检测，同时在河南安阳秋播，观察抽穗期和成熟期。分子标记检测结果表明，Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和vrn-A1+vrn-B1+ vrn-D1的分布频率分别为13.0%、21.1%、15.6%和64.2%，显性等位变异Vrn-B3在检测材料中缺失。春化基因显性等位变异Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1主要分布在中国春麦区和长江中上游冬麦区、意大利、印度、日本、加拿大、墨西哥、智利、阿根廷和澳大利亚，上述地区的小麦一般为春性类型；春化位点均为隐性等位变异或vrn-A1+vrn-D1+Vrn-B1的品种主要分布在中国北方、美国中部和南部、德国、法国、挪威、乌克兰、俄罗斯、伊朗、土耳其、匈牙利、保加利亚、罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚，这些地区的小麦为冬性类型。光周期迟钝型Ppd-D1a的分布频率为55.2%。光周期敏感等位变异Ppd-D1b主要分布在纬度较高的地区，即美国各麦区以及德国、挪威、匈牙利、中国东北、加拿大、智利和阿根廷，来自其余麦区的品种均携带光周期迟钝等位变异Ppd-D1a；携带Ppd-D1a的品种在河南安阳大部分能够成熟，而携带Ppd-D1b的品种在河南安阳基本不能成熟。在安阳春化显性等位变异Vrn-A1a未加速小麦抽穗，而携带Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1等位变异的部分春化需求品种能够正常抽穗，主要因安阳生长季节的温度能够满足春化需求。

关键词: 小麦, 春化基因, 光周期基因, 分子鉴定, 冬春性, 抽穗期

Abstract: Molecular markers for vernalization genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Vrn-B3 and photoperiod gene Ppd-D1 were used to detect the presence of these genes among 755 cultivars from 23 countries. Days to heading and physiological maturity of these cultivars were also recorded in Anyang, Henan Province, China to provide information for their utilization in Chinese wheat breeding program. Frequencies of Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, and vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1 were13.0%, 21.1%, 15.6%, and 64.2%, respectively. Dominant allele Vrn-B3 was absent in all tested materials. Dominant vernalization alleles Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1 were mainly observed in Chinese spring wheat and middle and upper Yangtze Valley winter wheat regions, Italy, India, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Australia with spring type, while cultivars carryied all recessive alleles at the four vernalization loci. The gene recombination of vrn-A1, vrn-D1, and Vrn-B1 was found in winter wheat regions of Northern China, middle and southern US, Germany, France, Norway, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Iran, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Serbia, where the wheat growth habit is winter type.The frequency of Ppd-D1a was 55.2%, and photoperiod sensitive allele Ppd-D1b was mainly observed in cultivars from higher latitude regions of US, Germany, Norway, Hungary, Northeastern China, Canada, Chile and Argentina; while photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a was observed in the other wheat-growing regions. Most of cultivars with photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a could completephysiological maturity in Anyang, whereas cultivars from Germany, Norway, Hungary, Northwestern US, Northeast China, Chile and Argentina could not mature well. In Anyang, flowering time was not speeded up by the presence of dominant vernalization allele Vrn-A1a, cultivars with Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 could head normally due to the completion of vernalization requirement during winter season.

Key words: Common wheat, Vernalization gene, Photoperiod gene, Molecular marker, Wheat growth habit, Heading date

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