作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (07): 1257-1265.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01257
宋为超,刘春雨,徐娇,睢宁,陈兵林*,周治国?
SONG Wei-Chao,LIU Chun-Yu,XU Jiao,SUI Ning,CHEN Bing-Lin*,ZHOU Zhi-Guo*
摘要:
试验于2009—2010年分别在江苏省棉花科技示范基地东台市(120°19' E, 32°52' N)和大丰市(120°28' E,33°12' N)进行。设置6个水平(0、150、300、375、450和600 kg hm–2)施氮量,研究土壤碱解氮浓度变化特征及对棉花生物量和氮素累积特征的影响。结果表明,棉花初花后土壤碱解氮浓度的动态变化可用三次函数方程模拟,棉花生物量、氮素累积动态可用Logistic方程拟合;土壤碱解氮浓度快速下降期的平均速率、持续时间分别与棉株生物量、氮素快速累积期的最大相对累积速率、持续时间有较高的相关性;在375 kg hm–2施氮量下,土壤碱解氮浓度快速下降期具最佳平均速率和持续时间,棉株生物量和氮素快速累积期有最优的累积特征值,棉花具有最优的生物量、氮素累积特征值,棉花产量最高、综合品质最优。高施氮量和低施氮量皆不利于棉花生物量和氮素的累积。因此,适宜的施氮量及施氮运筹可调节棉花初花后土壤碱解氮浓度的动态变化,优化棉花生物量和氮素的累积以及产量和品质。
| [1]Tewolde H, Fernandez C J, Foss D C. Maturity and lint yield of nitrogen and phosphorus deficient pima cotton. Agron J, 1994, 86: 303–309[2]Boquet D J, Breitenbeck G A. Nitrogen rate effect on partitioning of nitrogen and dry matter by cotton. Crop Sci, 2000, 40: 1685–1693[3]Blaise D, Singh J V, Bonde A N, Tekale K U, Mayee C D. Effects of farmyard manure and fertilizers on yield, fiber quality and nutrient balance of rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Biores Technol, 2005, 96: 345–349[4]Rochester I J, Peoples M B, Constable G A. Estimation of the N fertilizer requirement of cotton grown after legume crops. Field Crops Res, 2001, 70: 43–53[5]Xue X-P(薛晓萍), Guo W-Q(郭文琦), Wang Y-L(王以琳), Zhang L-J(张丽娟), Zhou Z-G(周治国). Research on dynamic increase characteristics of dry matter of cotton at different nitrogen levels. Cotton Sci (棉花学报), 2006, 18(6): 323–326 (in Chinese with English abstract)[6]Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science (中国科学院南京土壤研究所). Soil Physics and Chemises Analysis (土壤理化分析). Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific &Technical Press, 1978 (in Chinese)[7]Kersebaum K C, Lorenz K, Reuter H I, Schwarzc J, Wegehenkela M, Wendrothd O. Operational use of agro-meteorological data and GIS to derive site specific nitrogen fertilizer recommendations based on the simulation of soil and crop growth processes. Physics Chem Earth, 2005, 30: 59–67 [8]Malhi S S, Harapiak J T, Nyborg M, Gregorich E G, Monreal C M. Light fraction organic N, ammonium, nitrate and total N in a thin black chernozemic soil under brome grass after 27 annual applications of different N rates. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 2003, 65: 201–210[9]Malhi S S, Brandt S A, Ulrich D. Lemke R, Gill K S. Accumulation in the soil profile under various alternative cropping system. J Plant Nutr, 2002, 25: 2499–2520[10]Zhang Q-L(张庆利), Zhang M(张民), Tian W-B(田维彬). Leaching characteristics of controlled release and common no nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on soil and ground water quality. Soil Environ Sci (土壤与环境), 2001, 10(2): 98–103 (in Chinese with English abstract)[11]Wang Y-J(王艳杰), Fu-H(付桦). The relationships among organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen of soil in wuling mountain. J Agro-Environ Sci (农业环境科学学报), 2005, 24(S1): 85–90 (in Chinese with English abstract)[12]Shi C-J(施春健), Zhuang Q-L(庄秋丽), Li Q(李琪), Liang W-J(梁文举), Jiang Y(姜勇). Profile distribution of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen in farm land soils of Northeast China along a latitudinal gradient. Chin J Ecol (生态学杂志), 2007, 26(4): 501–504 (in Chinese with English abstract)[13]Zheng D-M(郑德明), Jiang Y-J(姜益娟), Liu W-Y(柳维扬). The spatio-temporal variability of soil available nutrients of cotton fields in Xinjiang. Cotton Sci (棉花学报), 2006, 18(1): 23–26 (in Chinese with English abstract)[14]Watt M S, Clinton P W, Whitehead D, Richardson B. Mason E G, Leckie A C. Above-ground biomass accumulation and nitrogen fixation of broom (Cytisus scoparius L.) growing with juvenile Pinus radiation a dry land site. For Ecol Manag, 2003, 184: 93–104[15]Xue X-P(薛晓萍), Wang J-G(王建国), Guo W-Q(郭文琦), Chen B-L(陈兵林), You-J(尤军), Zhou Z-G(周治国). Effect of nitrogen applied levels on the dynamics of biomass, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen fertilization recovery rate of cotton after initial flowering. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 2006, 26(11): 3631–3640 (in Chinese with English abstract)[16]Rochester J, Peoples M B, Hulugalle N R, Gault R R, Constable G A. Using legumes to enhance nitrogen fertility and soil condition in cotton cropping systems. Field Crops Res, 2001, 70: 27–41[17]Yang Z-B(杨志彬), Chen B-L(陈兵林), Zhou Z-G(周治国). Spatial and temporal variability of available nutrient in cotton field at flower and boll stage and its effect on lint yield and fiber quality. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2008, 34(8): 1393–1402 (in Chinese with English abstract)[18]Liu S-R(刘生荣), Liu D-P(刘党培), Jia T(贾涛). Effect of N P K basal dressing on vegetative organ development, dry matter accumulation and yield of transgenic pest-resistant cotton. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(2): 282–284 (in Chinese with English abstract)[19]Hu G-Z(胡国智), Zhang Y(张炎), Li Q-J(李青军), Hu W(胡伟), Meng F-X(孟凤轩), Feng G-P(冯广平). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the dry matter accumulation uptake and utilization and yield in cotton. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2011, 17(2): 397–403 (in Chinese with English abstract)[20]Bange M P, Milroy S P. Growth and dry matter partitioning of diverse cotton genotypes. Field Crops Res, 2004, 87: 73–87[21]Song Z-W(宋志伟), Liu S-T(刘松涛), Cao W-M(曹雯梅), Wang H-M(王汉民), Fang W-P(房卫平), Li C-H(李潮海). Study on the characteristics of N P K absorption and distribution of hybrid cottons. Cotton Sci (棉花学报), 2006, 18(2): 89–93 (in Chinese with English abstract)[22]Wang Z-S(王子胜), Xu M (徐敏), Liu R-X(刘瑞显), Wu X-D(吴晓东), Zhu H(朱鹤), Chen B-L(陈兵林), Zhou Z-G(周治国). Effects of nitrogen rates on biomass and nitrogen accumulation of cotton with different varieties in growth duration. Cotton Sci (棉花学报), 2011, 23(6): 537–544 (in Chinese with English abstract)[23]Bremner J M. Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method. J Agric Sci, 1960, 55: 11–33[24]Yang G, Tang H, Nie Y, Zhang X. Responses of cotton growth, yield, and biomass to nitrogen split application ratio. Eur J Agron, 2011, 35: 164–170 |
| [1] | 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560. |
| [2] | 张曦, 王广恩, 李邵琦, 刘祎, 李俊兰, 钱玉源. 基于转录组测序解析陆海杂交姊妹系马克隆值差异的形成机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1442-1458. |
| [3] | 周琦翔, 朱艳, 汪楚博, 朱柏林, 李俊博, 宋利兵. 基于DSSAT模型模拟气候变化对新疆棉花物候期及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(2): 590-602. |
| [4] | 郭栋财, 吕涛, 蔡永生, 买吾鲁达·艾合买提, 全家, 曲延英, 郑凯. 棉花纤维品质相关性状QTL元分析及候选基因鉴定[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1445-1466. |
| [5] | 王亚雯, 戚正阳, 尤佳琦, 聂新辉, 曹娟, 杨细燕, 涂礼莉, 张献龙, 王茂军. 棉花60K功能位点基因芯片的制备及应用[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1178-1188. |
| [6] | 丁俊沣, 许映飞, 张祥, 陈媛, 陈德华. 生长调节剂吲哚丁酸对移栽棉苗成活及生长发育的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(12): 3331-3341. |
| [7] | 哈丽哈什·依巴提, 张炎, 李青军, 徐新朋, 何萍. 基于产量反应和农学效率的棉花智能化推荐施肥方法研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(11): 3052-3064. |
| [8] | 李亚玮, 徐盈盈, 左春阳, 刘若男, 梁亚军, 孔杰, 张献龙, 闵玲. 棉花减数分裂进程鉴定体系构建及其对高温胁迫的响应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(10): 2570-2580. |
| [9] | 陈佳伟, 林艳, 张明星, 周诗晶, 饶力群, 周池, 李鑫. 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YCH92对棉花根际土壤微生物群落及棉花产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(10): 2821-2835. |
| [10] | 谢章书, 谢学方, 屠小菊, 刘爱玉, 董合忠, 周仲华. 植物激素对棉花蕾铃脱落的调控研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 1-29. |
| [11] | 辛明华, 秘雅迪, 王国平, 李小飞, 李亚兵, 董合林, 韩迎春, 冯璐. 行距配置和种植密度对棉花干物质生产及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 221-232. |
| [12] | 李超, 付小琼. 基于GYT双标图综合评价黄河流域中熟杂交棉花区域试验品种[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 30-43. |
| [13] | 艾莎, 李莎, 方治伟, 李论, 李甜甜, 高利芬, 陈利红, 肖华锋, 万人静, 闫多子, 武星廷, 彭海, 韩瑞玺, 周俊飞. 棉花MNP标记位点开发及其在DNA指纹图谱构建中的应用[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2267-2278. |
| [14] | 王龙, 李静, 钱晨, 林国冰, 李亦扬, 杨光, 左青松. 盐胁迫对油菜生理特征和菜籽产量品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(6): 1597-1607. |
| [15] | 杨春菊, 唐道彬, 张凯, 杜康, 黄红, 乔欢欢, 王季春, 吕长文. 氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(5): 1341-1350. |
|
||