作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (07): 1105-1111.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01105
张常赫,戴艳娇,杨洪坤,张馨月,杜祥备,陈兵林,周治国*
ZHANG Chang-He,DAI Yan-Jiao,YANG Hong-Kun,ZHANG Xin-Yue,DU Xiang-Bei,CHEN Bing-Lin,ZHOU Zhi-Guo*
摘要:
我国农业对自然环境依赖性强,农业生产环境相对恶劣、资源利用效率低下,作物栽培理论与技术需要不断创新和完善。为建立与当前生产模式相匹配的作物高产高效栽培管理方式,选用棉花品种泗杂3号,于2012—2013年在长江下游棉区(江苏大丰)不同地力水平田块(高、低)进行麦棉两熟栽培管理方式定位试验,设超高产栽培、常规栽培和高产高效栽培,系统测定棉花生物量、产量和生育期间的温光、氮肥资源利用效率。结果表明,栽培方式和地力水平显著影响棉花产量,而产量的差异主要由温光、氮肥资源利用效率的差异造成。棉花产量提高的限制因子是低下的资源利用效率。高产高效栽培较常规栽培产量提高27.5%,温光资源利用效率分别提高27.7%、23.4%、氮肥偏生产力提高10.1%,是长江下游较为适宜的栽培方式。因此未来生产中应进一步合理优化栽培方式来提高棉田资源利用效率,以达到高产高效的目标。
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