马铃薯叶片表皮毛形态特征、类型与发育过程

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44188

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

被子植物叶片表面多着生形态各异的表皮毛，其结构与功能已在多种植物上得到研究和验证，而茄属作物马铃薯表皮毛的形态特征、结构与分类等尚缺乏系统研究。本研究利用光学和电子显微方法观察不同马铃薯品种表皮毛的分布、形态特征与发育过程。结果表明，马铃薯表皮毛分为II、III、V型非腺毛和VI、VII型腺毛2类，非腺毛主要分布于茎、叶上表皮和叶边缘，腺毛则以叶片下表皮为主要分布区域。非腺毛的发育起始于表皮细胞的局部锥状突起，突起进行1次平周分裂形成基细胞与顶细胞，基细胞分化形成基部，顶细胞伸长后经细胞分裂可形成多个柄细胞；成熟柄细胞表面有疣状突起，末端无腺头细胞的形成，呈尖锐状或钩状。腺毛发育则是表皮细胞形成突起，突起逐渐膨大为腺毛原始细胞，后经分裂形成1个基细胞与1个顶细胞；基细胞不再分裂，直接分化为腺毛的基部；顶细胞则膨大形成原始腺毛头细胞，根据其分裂方式与细胞数目不同，分为VI和VII型；成熟的腺毛具有分泌能力，通过皮下空间进行分泌物质的积累，当分泌物积累到一定程度时，在头细胞表面形成突起，通过分泌孔或直接破裂释放出分泌物，随后腺毛会逐渐衰老、皱缩并脱落。研究显示，马铃薯叶片存在多种类型的表皮毛，腺毛能合成、积累并释放分泌物，结合番茄等茄属植物的表皮毛功能研究结果认为马铃薯叶片表皮毛可能具备增强对昆虫和病原菌的物理和化学防御能力的潜在作用，其功能验证和作用机制有待深入研究。

关键词: 马铃薯, 表皮毛, 发育, 分泌物, 抗性

Abstract:

The surfaces of angiosperm leaves are often covered with various types of trichomes, whose structures and functions have been extensively studied in multiple plant species. However, a systematic investigation of the morphology, structure, and classification of Solanum tuberosum trichomes remains lacking. In this study, we used optical and electron microscopy to examine the distribution, morphological characteristics, and developmental processes of trichomes in different potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties. Our results revealed that potato trichomes can be classified into two main categories: non-glandular trichomes (types II, III, and V) and glandular trichomes (types VI and VII). Non-glandular trichomes are primarily found on the epidermis of stems and leaves, as well as along leaf margins, whereas glandular trichomes are predominantly distributed on the lower epidermis of leaves. The development of non-glandular trichomes begins with localized conical protrusions emerging from epidermal cells, followed by a single periclinal division that produces a basal cell and a terminal cell. The basal cell differentiates into the trichome base, while the terminal cell elongates and may further divide to form multiple stalk cells. The mature stalk cells exhibit warty protrusions on their surfaces, and the terminal cell does not develop a glandular head, resulting in sharp or hook-like structures. In contrast, glandular trichome development is initiated by protrusions from epidermal cells, which gradually expand into initial glandular trichome cells. These cells undergo division to form a basal cell and a terminal cell. The basal cell does not undergo further division and directly differentiates into the base of the glandular trichome, while the terminal cell expands and gives rise to the initial glandular head cell. Based on their division patterns and cell numbers, glandular trichomes are classified into types VI and VII. Mature glandular trichomes possess secretory capabilities, accumulating secretions in the subepidermal space. Once the secretions reach a certain level, they protrude from the surface of the head cell and are released either through secretory pores or by direct rupture. As the glandular trichomes age, they gradually shrink and eventually detach. These findings demonstrate that potato leaves harbor diverse types of trichomes, with glandular trichomes playing a role in synthesizing, accumulating, and releasing secretions. By integrating these results with existing research on trichome functions in other Solanum species, such as tomatoes, we hypothesize that potato leaf trichomes may contribute to physical and chemical defenses against insect herbivory and pathogen attack. Further studies are required to validate these functions and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Key words: potato, trichomes, development, secretion, resistance

杨双, 白磊, 郭华春, 缪亚生, 李俊. 马铃薯叶片表皮毛形态特征、类型与发育过程[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

YANG Shuang, BAI Lei, GUO Hua-Chun, MIAO Ya-Sheng, LI Jun. Morphological characteristics, types, and developmental process of potato leaf trichomes[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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