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利用小麦农家种孝感麦协同改良蜀麦753产量与抗病耐逆性的育种实践

马婷婷1,2,**,郭晓江1,2,**,李豪1,邓梅1,蒲至恩3,李伟3,张亚洲1,王凤涛4,崔凤娟5,魏育明1,2,王际睿1,2,蒋云峰1,2,*,陈国跃1,2,*   

  1. 1 四川农业大学小麦研究所, 四川成都611130; 2 西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室, 四川成都 611130; 3 四川农业大学农学院, 四川成都611130; 4 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京100193; 5 内蒙古通辽市农牧业科学院, 内蒙古通辽028015
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-09-10 接受日期:2025-09-10 网络出版日期:2025-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 蒋云峰, E-mail: jiangyunfeng@sicau.edu.cn; 陈国跃, E-mail: gychen@sicau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1201200), 国家自然科学基金项目(32272059)和四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2024NSFSC1212, 2024NSFSC1341, 2024NSFSC0328)资助。

Breeding strategy for synergistic improvement of yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in Shumai 753 using the wheat landrace Xiaoganmai

MA Ting-Ting1,2,**,GUO Xiao-Jiang1,2,**,LI Hao1,DENG Mei1,PU Zhi-En3,LI WeZHANG Ya-Zhou1,WANG Feng-Tao4,CUI Feng-Juan5,WEI Yu-Ming1,2,WANG Ji-Rui1,2,JIANG Yun-Feng1,2,*,CHEN Guo-Yue1,2,*   

  1. 1 Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; 3 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; 4 Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 5 Tongliao Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tongliao 028015, Inner Mongolia, China

  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published online:2025-09-24
  • Contact: 蒋云峰, E-mail: jiangyunfeng@sicau.edu.cn; 陈国跃, E-mail: gychen@sicau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFD1201200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272059), and the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2024NSFSC1212, 2024NSFSC1341, 2024NSFSC0328).

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摘要：

四川麦区属于我国西南最重要的早熟冬麦区，单位面积有效穗数(或穗容量或单株有效分蘖)成为该麦区产量进一步提升的关键。来自湖北当阳的小麦农家种“孝感麦”具有稳定的条锈病、穗发芽抗性及多有效分蘖、多花多实等突出特点，已成为当前四川麦区小麦种质改良和创新的潜在重要基因源。在产量构成因子中，单位面积有效穗数低成为当前限制小麦品系蜀麦753产量提升的关键因子。为了实现蜀麦753的产量突破与结构模式优化及产量与抗病、耐逆协同改良，本研究以多有效分蘖兼具强抗穗发芽特性且携带成株期条锈病抗性基因的小麦农家种“孝感麦”为供体、以携带全生育期条锈病抗性基因且综合性状良好的育成品系蜀麦753为受体，通过杂交、回交及连续多代自交并结合育种目标性状“分段式”选育技术，选育获得了178个蜀麦753/孝感麦育种应用高代稳定品系，旨在提升有效分蘖数量与穗容量的同时转育和聚合抗条锈病和穗发芽基因位点。表型鉴定结果表明，受体亲本蜀麦753的有效分蘖、穗粒数和小穗数改良效果显著，所有高世代品系有效分蘖均高于受体亲本，仅有4个品系小穗数低于受体亲本，平均穗粒数超过70粒。产量相关性状的相关性和通径分析发现，供试品系群体中有效分蘖数量与产量呈极显著正相关关系，表明利用“孝感麦”对蜀麦753进行穗容量(或有效穗、单位面积穗数)进行遗传改良对提升产量性状具有显著效果。结合表型和基因型鉴定，获得了2份产量潜力超过8250 kg hm-2的突破性新品系。结合条锈病和穗发芽基因型分析，从供试品系中筛选出1份携带Yr18+Yr24/26+Yr15且对条锈病具有广谱抗性和9份携带TaMyb10抗穗发芽等位基因优异新品系。本研究表明，利用小麦农家种“孝感麦”通过育种目标性状“分段式”选育技术为改变四川麦区小麦新品系“蜀麦753”的产量结构、实现产量与抗病耐逆协同改良提供了有效技术方案。

关键词: 小麦农家种, 条锈病, 穗发芽, 产量相关性状, 孝感麦, 分子检测

Abstract:

The Sichuan wheat region is the most important early-maturing winter wheat production area in Southwest China, where increasing the number of effective spikes per unit area (i.e., spike capacity or effective tillers per plant) is key to further enhancing yield potential. The wheat landrace ‘Xiaoganmai’ from Dangyang, Hubei, exhibits stable resistance to stripe rust and pre-harvest sprouting, along with desirable agronomic traits such as multiple effective tillers and fertile spikelets, making it a promising genetic resource for wheat improvement and innovation in the Sichuan wheat region. Among yield components, the number of effective spikes per unit area has become the primary limiting factor for the breeding line ‘Shumai 753’. To optimize the yield structure of ‘Shumai 753’ by improving spike capacity through enhanced tillering, and to simultaneously improve yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance by pyramiding genes for stripe rust and pre-harvest sprouting resistance, this study used progenies of ‘Xiaoganmai’—characterized by prolific tillering, strong resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, and adult-plant resistance to stripe rust—as donors, and ‘Shumai 753’—which harbors all-stage stripe rust resistance genes and exhibits favorable agronomic traits—as the recipient. Through hybridization, backcrossing, continuous multi-generational selfing, and a "segmented" target-trait selection strategy, 178 stable advanced-generation lines from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross were developed. Phenotypic evaluations showed significant improvements in effective tiller number, grains per spike, and spikelets per spike in the derived lines compared to ‘Shumai 753’. All advanced lines exhibited more effective tillers than the recipient parent, with only four lines showing fewer spikelets, and the average grain number per spike exceeded 70. Correlation and path analysis of yield-related traits revealed that effective tiller number had a direct and highly significant positive effect on yield, indicating that using ‘Xiaoganmai’ to improve spike capacity is an effective strategy for enhancing the yield potential of ‘Shumai 753’. By integrating phenotypic and genotypic data, two breakthrough lines with yield potential exceeding 8,250 kg ha-1 were identified. Additionally, genotyping for resistance loci revealed one line carrying Yr18+Yr24/26+Yr15, conferring broad-spectrum stripe rust resistance, and nine lines harboring TaMyb10 alleles associated with strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance. These findings demonstrate that utilizing the wheat landrace ‘Xiaoganmai’ in a segmented target-trait selection strategy provides a practical and effective approach for reconstructing the yield architecture of ‘Shumai 753’ and achieving synergistic improvements in yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in the Sichuan wheat region.

Key words: wheat landrace, stripe rust, preharvest sprouting, yield-related traits, Xiaoganmai, molecular detection

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