欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 104-109.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00104

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌溉和种植模式对冬小麦播前土壤含水量的消耗及水分利用效率的影响

李全起1,2,陈雨海2,*,周勋波2,余松烈2   

  1. 1山东农业大学水利土木工程学院，山东泰安271018；2山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安271018
  • 收稿日期:2008-04-22 修回日期:2008-09-16 出版日期:2009-01-12 网络出版日期:2008-11-18
  • 通讯作者: 陈雨海
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2005CB121106），聊城市国家计委大型优质小麦生产基地项目（20021106）

Effects of Irrigation and Planting Patterns on Consumption of Soil Moisture before Sowing and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

LI Quan-Qi1,2,CHEN Yu-Hai2,*,ZHOU Xun-Bo2,YU Song-Lie2   

  1. 1College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;2 Agronomy college,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai'an 271018,China
  • Received:2008-04-22 Revised:2008-09-16 Published:2009-01-12 Published online:2008-11-18
  • Contact: CHEN Yu-Hai

PDF

1837

被引次数

48

摘要：

为探讨华北平原地区冬小麦节水栽培的生产措施，2004—2006年，以冬小麦品种8049为试验材料，在大田4种灌溉条件下，研究了等行距平作、宽窄行平作、沟播和垄作4种种植模式对播前土壤含水量消耗及冬小麦耗水量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，与等行距平作相比，另3种模式增加了播前土壤含水量的消耗，其耗水量显著提高，尤以沟播模式30 cm以下播前土壤含水量的消耗最为明显。和等行距平作相比，在灌拔节水+抽穗水和灌拔节水+抽穗水+灌浆水条件下，沟播模式显著提高冬小麦产量；而垄作模式的产量没有显著提高。在灌拔节水或灌拔节水+抽穗水条件下，沟播种植模式的水分利用效率显著高于其他3种种植模式。在本试验条件下，沟播种植结合灌拔节水或灌拔节水+抽穗水是一种值得推广的节水种植模式。

关键词: 节水栽培, 平作, 垄作, 沟播, 冬小麦, 播前土壤含水量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In North China Plain, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is commonly watered with flood irrigation during its growth period. This results in not only very low water use efficiency (WUE) of irrigation, but also the reduction of groundwater level because of over exploitation in this area. To study water-saving techniques in winter wheat production, the effects of irrigation and planting patterns on the consumption of soil moisture before sowing (SMBS), evapotranspiration, grain yield, and WUE were investigated using a winter wheat cultivar “8049” in 2004–2005 and 2005–2006 growing seasons. The four planting patterns were uniform (30 cm) row (traditional pattern), wide (40 cm)–narrow (20 cm) row, furrow (double lines in the furrow with 20 cm spacing, and 40 cm between furrows), and bed (double lines on the bed with 20 cm spacing, and 40 cm between beds). Each planting pattern had four irrigation treatments, i.e., no irrigation, one irrigation at jointing stage, two irrigations at jointing and heading stages, three irrigations at jointing, heading, and milking stages. Compared with uniform row pattern, the consumption of soil moisture was much higher in other three planting patterns. The water consumption of SMBS in furrow planting patterns was mostly centralized in the soil layer below 30–50 cm. Compared with uniform row pattern, the grain yield was significantly increased in furrow planting pattern with two irrigations at jointing and heading stages and three irrigations at jointing, heading and milking stages; whereas, it was not significantly increased in bed pattern under the conditions of one, two, and three irrigations. The WUE of furrow planting pattern was significantly higher than those of the other three patterns with one irrigation at jointing stage or two irrigations at jointing and heading stages. On the basis of the experimental results, it is suggested that the furrow planting pattern in combination with considerably deficit irrigation at jointing or/and heading stages could be worth extending the application in winter wheat production.

Key words: Saving water planting, Flat planting, Bed planting, Furrow planting, Winter wheat, Soil moisture before sowing, Water use efficiency

[1] 郭星宇, 刘朋召, 王瑞, 王小利, 李军. 旱地冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡对降水年型与施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1262-1272.
[2] 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297.
[3] 王洋洋, 贺利, 任德超, 段剑钊, 胡新, 刘万代, 郭天财, 王永华, 冯伟. 基于主成分-聚类分析的不同水分冬小麦晚霜冻害评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2): 448-462.
[4] 方彦杰, 张绪成, 侯慧芝, 于显枫, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(6): 1149-1161.
[5] 史梦霞, 张佳笑, 石晓宇, 褚庆全, 陈阜, 雷永登. 近20年河北省几种高耗水作物的水分利用效率分析[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2450-2458.
[6] 张矞勋, 齐拓野, 孙源, 璩向宁, 曹媛, 吴梦瑶, 刘春虹, 王磊. 高分六号遥感影像植被特征及其在冬小麦苗期LAI反演中的应用[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2532-2540.
[7] 胡鑫慧, 谷淑波, 朱俊科, 王东. 分期施钾对不同质地土壤麦田冬小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(11): 2258-2267.
[8] 周宝元, 葛均筑, 孙雪芳, 韩玉玲, 马玮, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 黄淮海麦玉两熟区周年光温资源优化配置研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1843-1853.
[9] 张绪成, 马一凡, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 方彦杰, 张国平, 雷康宁. 旋耕深度对西北黄土高原旱作区土壤水分特性和马铃薯产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(1): 138-148.
[10] 侯慧芝, 张绪成, 方彦杰, 于显枫, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 全膜微垄沟播对寒旱区春小麦苗期土壤水热环境及光合作用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(9): 1398-1407.
[11] 雒文鹤, 师祖姣, 王旭敏, 李军, 王瑞. 节水减氮对土壤硝态氮分布和冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(6): 924-936.
[12] 马明生, 郭贤仕, 柳燕兰. 全生物降解地膜覆盖对旱地土壤水分状况及春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1933-1944.
[13] 方彦杰, 张绪成, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 旱地立式深旋耕方式下有机肥替代对饲用玉米耗水特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1958-1969.
[14] 马艳明, 冯智宇, 王威, 张胜军, 郭营, 倪中福, 刘杰. 新疆冬小麦品种农艺及产量性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1997-2007.
[15] 马艳明, 娄鸿耀, 陈朝燕, 肖菁, 徐麟, 倪中福, 刘杰. 新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种基于SNP芯片的遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(10): 1539-1556.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2