开花和灌浆初期高温胁迫对国稻6号结实的生理影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究杂交稻对开花结实期高温胁迫的生理生态适应性，选用具代表性的主栽杂交稻组合国稻6号、协优46，人工设计极值高温40~42℃，自始穗期至此后15 d每天6 h行热害处理，以自然气候条件为对照，比较研究高温胁迫对国稻6号与协优46结实的生理影响。结果表明，国稻6号具较高的受孕小穗成粒效应，即不仅不孕小穗率低，而且秕谷率也低。国稻6号对开花结实期高温较协优46钝感，两者在小穗育性和热害指数上的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。究其生理原因, (1)成熟期间稻株剑叶光能转化效率及光合效率较高，茎鞘储藏物质较丰；(2)成熟期间稻株仍具较强根系吸水能力与叶片蒸腾水平，维持蒸腾流利于光合物质运输；(3)成熟灌浆期稻株自动调节粒间顶端优势，增进迟开花的弱势粒充实成实粒。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 高温胁迫, 光合效率, 物质分配, 根系活性

Abstract:

For a better understanding of high temperature stress on flowering and grain setting of rice during anthesis, a new rice hybrids Guodao 6 and a leading rice hybrid Xieyou 46 were selected to study the physiological and morphological adaptability to 40–42℃ of high temperature stress. The treatment was conducted with high temperature for 6 h each day from initial heading to following 15 days, and plants under natural condition was studied as control. Guodao 6 was less sensitive to high temperature stress, showing a stable yield and spikelet fertility and lower heat injury index in the stress condition. Physiologically analyzed data showed that in Guodao 6 during maturation, there were (1) higher flag leaf photosynthetic rate and higher transform rate from light energy to chemical energy, abundant carbohydrates stored in stem and leaf-sheath as well; (2) relatively stronger physiological activity of roots, and higher leaf transpiration rate, this enhanced translocation of photo-synthate to panicle; (3) better adjustment on “Apical grain superiority”, enhancing the filling of inferior spikelets.

Key words: Hybrid rice, High temperature stress, Photosynthesis rate, Carbohydrates allocation, Roots activity

陶龙兴;谈惠娟;王熹;曹立勇;宋建;程式华. 开花和灌浆初期高温胁迫对国稻6号结实的生理影响[J]. 作物学报, 2009, 35(1): 110-117.

TAO Long-Xing,TAN Hui-Juan,WANG Xi,CAO Li-Yong,SONG Jian,CHENG Shi-Hua. Physiological Effects of High Temperature Stress on Grain-Setting for Guodao 6 during flowering and Filling stage[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35(1): 110-117.

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