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作物学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 110-117.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00110

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

开花和灌浆初期高温胁迫对国稻6号结实的生理影响

陶龙兴,谈惠娟,王熹,曹立勇,宋建,程式华*   

  1. 中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006
  • 收稿日期:2008-01-03 修回日期:2008-07-11 出版日期:2009-01-12 网络出版日期:2008-11-17
  • 通讯作者: 程式华
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由中国超级稻研究专项,农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(06-03-01B),国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(NYHYZX07-001),中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金,浙江省重点攻关项目(2008C22073),国家自然科学基金项目(30871473)资助

Physiological Effects of High Temperature Stress on Grain-Setting for Guodao 6 during flowering and Filling stage

TAO Long-Xing,TAN Hui-Juan,WANG Xi,CAO Li-Yong,SONG Jian,CHENG Shi-Hua*   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006,China
  • Received:2008-01-03 Revised:2008-07-11 Published:2009-01-12 Published online:2008-11-17
  • Contact: CHENG Shi-Hua

摘要:

为研究杂交稻对开花结实期高温胁迫的生理生态适应性,选用具代表性的主栽杂交稻组合国稻6号、协优46,人工设计极值高温40~42,自始穗期至此后15 d每天6 h行热害处理,以自然气候条件为对照,比较研究高温胁迫对国稻6号与协优46结实的生理影响。结果表明,国稻6号具较高的受孕小穗成粒效应,即不仅不孕小穗率低,而且秕谷率也低。国稻6对开花结实期高温较协优46钝感,两者在小穗育性和热害指数上的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)究其生理原因, (1)成熟期间稻株剑叶光能转化效率及光合效率较高,茎鞘储藏物质较丰;(2)成熟期间稻株仍具较强根系吸水能力与叶片蒸腾水平,维持蒸腾流利于光合物质运输;(3)成熟灌浆期稻株自动调节粒间顶端优势,增进迟开花的弱势粒充实成实粒。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 高温胁迫, 光合效率, 物质分配, 根系活性

Abstract:

For a better understanding of high temperature stress on flowering and grain setting of rice during anthesis, a new rice hybrids Guodao 6 and a leading rice hybrid Xieyou 46 were selected to study the physiological and morphological adaptability to 40–42 of high temperature stress. The treatment was conducted with high temperature for 6 h each day from initial heading to following 15 days, and plants under natural condition was studied as control. Guodao 6 was less sensitive to high temperature stress, showing a stable yield and spikelet fertility and lower heat injury index in the stress condition. Physiologically analyzed data showed that in Guodao 6 during maturation, there were (1) higher flag leaf photosynthetic rate and higher transform rate from light energy to chemical energy, abundant carbohydrates stored in stem and leaf-sheath as well; (2) relatively stronger physiological activity of roots, and higher leaf transpiration rate, this enhanced translocation of photo-synthate to panicle; (3) better adjustment on “Apical grain superiority”, enhancing the filling of inferior spikelets.

Key words: Hybrid rice, High temperature stress, Photosynthesis rate, Carbohydrates allocation, Roots activity

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