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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 167-176.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23007

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候变化背景下中国不同区域玉米生育期高温胁迫时空变化特征

商蒙非, 石晓宇, 赵炯超, 李硕, 褚庆全()   

  1. 中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-15 接受日期:2022-06-07 出版日期:2023-01-12 网络出版日期:2022-07-06
  • 通讯作者: 褚庆全
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300201)

Spatiotemporal variation of high temperature stress in different regions of China under climate change

SHANG Meng-Fei, SHI Xiao-Yu, ZHAO Jiong-Chao, LI Shuo, CHU Qing-Quan()   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2022-01-15 Accepted:2022-06-07 Published:2023-01-12 Published online:2022-07-06
  • Contact: CHU Qing-Quan
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300201)

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摘要：

研究气候变化背景下作物生长季高温热害的时空分布和变化特征, 对于制定适应气候变化的作物栽培管理技术有重要的参考意义。本研究利用我国558个气象站点的逐日气象数据和物候期数据, 分析了1961—2020年玉米不同生育阶段的高温度日(heat degree days, HDD)及其气候倾向率的时空变化特征。结果表明, 1961—2020年, 我国玉米全生育期及各生育阶段的HDD整体呈升高趋势, 不同农作区玉米全生育期HDD增加1.19~9.27℃ d (10a)-1, 四川盆地农作区、华南农林渔区和西北农牧区增幅较高, 分别显著增加8.79、9.27和5.81℃ d (10a)-1。不同生育阶段HDD变化趋势呈现明显区域差异, 北方农作区玉米HDD在生育前期增幅较大, 而南方农作区玉米HDD在生育后期增幅较大。播种-抽穗期, 北方农作区中西北农牧区和北部中低高原农牧区HDD分别显著增加2.67℃ d (10a)-1和2.00℃ d (10a)-1, 黄淮海平原农作区增加1.41℃ d (10a)-1, 都高于其他农作区。抽穗至乳熟期, 南方农作区的HDD增幅较大, 华南农林渔区和四川盆地农作区HDD分别显著增加3.68℃ d (10a)-1和2.11℃ d (10a)-1。乳熟至成熟期, 南方农作区HDD增幅为0.88~5.31℃ d (10a)-1, 大幅超过北方农作区的-0.01~0.59℃ d (10a)-1。因此, 为应对不断增加的玉米高温胁迫风险, 北方玉米产区应重点关注播种-乳熟期高温对玉米生产的影响, 南方玉米产区应重点关注抽穗后高温对玉米生产的影响。

关键词: 玉米, 生育期, 高温胁迫, 时空变化, 农作区

Abstract:

Analysing the spatial-temporal distribution and the change of high temperature damage during crop growth period is of great significance for developing management techniques of crop cultivation under climate change. Based on the daily data of 558 meteorological stations and maize phenology period in China, we explored the spatiotemporal variation of heat degree days (HDD) and its trend of different maize growth periods from 1961 to 2020. The results showed that the HDD exhibited a general increased trend during the whole growth period and every growth stage of maize in China from 1961 to 2020, with HDD increased 1.19-9.27℃ d (10a)-1 of different farming regions. The HDD increase range was higher in Sichuan Basin farming region, south China farming region and northwest farming region, and it increased significantly by 8.79, 9.27, and 5.81℃ d (10a)-1, respectively. The change trend of HDD at different growth stages had obvious variation in different regions. HDD increased greatly in the early growth period of northern farming regions, while HDD increased greatly in late growth period of southern farming regions. During maize sowing-tassel period, the HDD increased significantly by 2.67 and 2.00℃ d (10a)-1 in northwest farming region and north China farming region, respectively, and it increased by 1.41℃ d (10a)-1 in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, both of them were higher than that in other farming regions. During tassel-milk period, the HDD of southern farming regions increased greatly, which increased significantly by 3.68 and 2.11℃ d (10a)-1 in south China farming region and Sichuan Basin farming region, respectively. During milk-maturity period, the HDD of southern farming regions increased higher by 0.88-5.31℃ d (10a)-1 than -0.01-0.59℃ d (10a)-1 in northern farming regions. In conclusion, to cope with the increasing risk of high temperature stress of maize, northern farming regions should focus on the impact of high temperature during maize sowing-milk period, and southern farming regions should focus on the impact of high temperature after maize tasseled.

Key words: maize, growth stages, high temperature stress, temporal and spatial variation, farming region

图1

研究区域 农作区划分参照《中国农作制》[26]。DB, 东北平原山区半湿润温凉一熟农林区(简称东北农林区); BB, 北部低中高原半干旱凉温旱作兼放牧区(简称北部中低高原农牧区); XB, 西北干旱中温绿洲灌溉农作区兼荒漠放牧区(简称西北农牧区); HHH, 黄淮海平原半湿润暖温灌溉集约农作区(简称黄淮海平原农作区); SC, 四川盆地湿润中热麦稻二熟集约农区(简称四川盆地农作区); XN, 西南中高原山地湿热水旱二熟粗放农林区(简称西南中高原农林区); CZ, 长江中下游沿海平原丘陵湿润中热水田集约农作区(简称长江中下游平原农作区); JN, 江南丘陵山地湿润中热水田二三熟农林区(简称江南丘陵农林区); HN, 华南湿热双季稻与热作农林区(简称华南农林渔区); QZ, 青藏高原干旱半干旱高寒牧区兼河谷一熟农作区(简称青藏高原农林区)。"

表1

1961-2020年不同农作区玉米生育期内高温度日"

区域
Region		 高温度日HDD (℃ d)
播种-抽穗期
Sowing-tassel		 抽穗-乳熟期
Tassel-milk		 乳熟-成熟期
Milk-maturity		 全生育期
Whole growth period
春玉米Spring maize
东北农林区Northeast farming region 5.4±5.9 2.4±3.2 0.2±0.2 8.0±7.4
北部中低高原农牧区North China farming region 17.1±10.4 8.2±4.1 1.7±2.0 27.0±13.8
西北农牧区Northwest farming region 42.5±13.0 36.6±11.1 15.3±5.6 94.4±21.7
四川盆地农作区Sichuan Basin farming region 9.5±6.7 18.1±11.3 34.8±17.7 62.4±29.5
西南中高原农林区Southwest farming region 14.9±5.0 12.9±5.5 16.0±6.1 43.8±13.1
长江中下游平原农作区Yangtze Plain farming region 9.3±4.9 21.9±12.6 38.4±12.5 69.7±23.3
江南丘陵农林区Jiangnan farming region 6.9±4.8 16.4±8.7 32.8±10.5 56.1±19.2
华南农林渔区South China farming region 12.4±4.9 14.7±9.5 16.5±9.7 43.6±20.4
夏玉米Summer maize
黄淮海平原农作区Huang-Huai-Hai farming region 53.8±18.9 12.1±8.0 2.7±2.9 68.6±24.8

图2

玉米不同生育阶段高温度日空间分布"

表2

1961-2020年玉米不同生育阶段高温度日倾向率"

区域
Region		 高温度日倾向率Trend of HDD (℃ d (10a) -1)
播种-抽穗期
Sowing-tassel		 抽穗-乳熟期
Tassel-milk		 乳熟-成熟期
Milk-maturity		 全生育期
Whole growth period
春玉米Spring maize
东北农林区Northeast farming region 0.76 0.45 -0.01 1.19
北部中低高原农牧区North China farming region 2.00* 1.05** 0.08 3.13*
西北农牧区Northwest farming region 2.67* 2.55** 0.59 5.81**
四川盆地农作区Sichuan Basin farming region 1.37** 2.11* 5.31** 8.79**
西南中高原农林区Southwest farming region 1.31** 1.03** 1.38* 3.73**
长江中下游平原农作区Yangtze Plain farming region 0.59 0.15 0.88 1.63
江南丘陵农林区Jiangnan farming region -0.15 0.77 2.11** 2.73*
华南农林渔区South China farming region 1.23** 3.68** 4.36** 9.27**
夏玉米Summer maize
黄淮海平原农作区Huang-Huai-Hai farming region 1.41 0.79 0.22 2.42

图3

1961-2020年我国不同区域玉米播种-抽穗阶段高温度日变化倾向率"

图4

1961-2020年我国不同区域玉米抽穗-乳熟阶段高温度日变化倾向率"

图5

1961-2020年我国不同区域玉米乳熟-成熟阶段HDD变化倾向率"

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