我国西南地区玉米育种面临的挑战及相应对策探讨

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01141

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在剖析西南地区发展玉米产业面临挑战的基础上，反思了西南地区玉米杂交育种存在的主要差距，并根据国内外玉米杂交育种发展趋势和我们的实践，从育种层面提出了应采取的对策措施。育种目标上，重点是抗病与抗虫、耐旱与耐瘠、适合全程机械化生产和耕作制度改革，以及拓展利用营养体优势新型“饲草玉米”。种质创新上，应明确杂优类群、简化杂优模式，系统开展基础种质评价与分析，合成与改良育种用群体，创制育种特异新材料。突破性自交系选育上，应注重特异新基因的发掘与利用，把产量GCA作为重要选择标准，把自交衰退慢的株系作为主要选择对象，自交、姊妹交或混粉交替进行，提高优良基因型频率；加大选系的鉴定力度，并测定产量。育种方法上，应增加种植密度，加大选择压力，实施南北穿梭育种，加快我国南方玉米种子生产基地建设，同时加快高新技术在玉米育种上的应用。

关键词: 玉米, 西南地区, 育种目标, 种质资源, 杂优类群, 突破性自交系, 育种方法

Abstract: This article is based on the analysis of facing challenges of maize industry development in the Southwest of China to find the major gap affecting Southwestern maize breeding outcome, and propose appropriate strategies and ways according to the development of domestic and abroad maize hybrid breeding trends and our physical practice. Breeding objectives should be focused on enhancing disease resistance and pest-resistance, drought-tolerance and tolerance to poor soil fertility, and being available to fit complete mechanization of production and cultivate management system reform, as well as promoting the breeding and utilization of new “forage maize” crop with good vegetative superiority. Germplasm enhancement should clearly define heterotic group where it belongs to, simplify heterotic pattern, systematically develop basic germplasm evaluation and analysis, synthesize and improve breeding population, and create new specific breeding materials. Breakthrough inbred line breeding, should be focused on the exploration and utilization of specific new genes, using GCA yield as an important selection criteria, selecting those plant lines with slower inbreeding depression as the primary selection object alternatively, using selfing, sister mating, or mixed pollen mating, increasing frequency of good genes or genotypes, and increasing the power for selection and identification with yield test. Improved breeding methods include increasing plant density, increasing selection pressure, implementation of the North-South shuttle breeding, speeding up the construction of maize seed production base in southern China, at the same time speeding up the application of high and new technology in corn breeding.

Key words: Maize, Southwestern Region of China, Breeding objective, Germplasm, Heterosis pattern, Breakthrough inbred lines, Breeding method

潘光堂，杨克诚. 我国西南地区玉米育种面临的挑战及相应对策探讨[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(07): 1141-1147.

PAN Guang-Tang，YANG Ke-Cheng. Facing toward Challenges and Corresponding Strategies for Maize Breeding in Southwestern Region of China[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(07): 1141-1147.

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