华北平原不同年代小麦品种旗叶光合特性对水分亏缺的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00693

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨华北平原不同年代小麦品种对水分亏缺的反应及适应机制，选取20世纪50年代以来的代表品种碧蚂1号、济南2号、泰山1号、冀麦26、冀麦38和济麦22，比较其在灌溉和雨养条件下旗叶光合特性。结果表明，当前品种济麦22的产量显著高于上述5个品种，产量的提高伴随着净光合速率和气孔导度的显著提高，二者密切相关；在灌溉条件下，济麦22的产量比上述5个品种分别增加54.4%、39.4%、23.4%、18.9%和4.2%，花后平均净光合速率分别增加30.0%、15.9%、15.2%、9.8%和5.5%，气孔导度分别增加46.1%、35.9%、23.1%、7.3%和6.6%；在雨养条件下，济麦22的产量比这5个品种分别增加46.0%、37.6%、21.5%、18.8%和3.2%，花后平均净光合速率分别增加41.5%、29.1%、19.8%、11.2%和6.7%，气孔导度分别增加68.4%、48.7%、30.6%、10.7%和10.6%。与灌溉条件下相比，雨养条件下不同年代小麦品种旗叶净光合速率和气孔导度均表现为降低的趋势，但济麦22的降低幅度低于上述5个品种，表明当前品种的旗叶光合特性对水分亏缺的适应性较强。雨养条件下，碧蚂1号、济南2号、泰山1号、冀麦26、冀麦38和济麦22的产量分别比灌溉条件下降低6.6%、10.5%、10.3%、11.6%、10.8% 和11.7%，济麦22的下降幅度最大，表明当前品种的产量对水分亏缺的敏感性较强，在水分充足的条件下增产潜力较高。

关键词: 华北平原, 冬小麦, 品种演替, 光合特性, 水分亏缺

Abstract:

In order to understand the reaction and adaption mechanism to water deficit in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planted in North China Plain, six cultivars (Bima 1 released in the 1950s, Jinan 2 released in the 1960s, Taishan 1 released in the 1970s, Jimai 26 released in the 1980s, Jimai 38 released in the 1990s, and Jimai 22 released in the 2000s) were grown under both irrigated and rain-fed conditions in two successive growing seasons from 2010 to 2012. The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf after anthesis and grain yields were compared under two water conditions. The yield of Jimai 22 was significantly higher than that of other cultivars. The increase of yield was along with the significant improvements of photosynthetic rate (P_n) and stomatal conductance (G_s). Under irrigated condition, Jimai 22 showed increases of 54.4%, 39.4%, 23.4%, 18.9%, and 4.2% in yield, 30.0%, 15.9%, 15.2%, 9.8%, and 5.5% in Pn, and 46.1%, 35.9%, 23.1%, 7.3%, and 6.6% in Gs compared with the previous cultivars Bima 1, Jinan 2, Taishan 1, Jimai 26, and Jimai 38, respectively. Under rain-fed condition, Jimai 22 showed increases of 46.0%, 37.6%, 21.5%, 18.8%, and 3.2% in yield, 41.5%, 29.1%, 19.8%, 11.2%, and 6.7% in Pn, and 68.4%, 48.7%, 30.6%, 10.7%, and 10.6% in Gs compared with the previous cultivars, respectively. Under rain-fed condition, the Pn and Gs of all cultivars were lower than those under irrigated condition, and these of Jimai 22 showed the least reduction, indicating that Jimai 22 has higher photosynthetic adaptation to water deficiency. However, compared with the irrigated treatment, the rain-fed treatment showed 6.6–11.7% of yield decrease in different cultivars, with the largest reduction percentage in Jimai 22. Therefore, we concluded that the current wheat cultivars in North China Plain have high-yield potential under water-sufficient condition, but they are sensitive to water deficiency, with a relatively strong photosynthetic adaptation to water deficiency.

Key words: North China Plain, Winter wheat, Cultivar evolvement, Photosynthetic characteristics, Water deficiency

杨再洁,陈阜,史磊刚,文新亚. 华北平原不同年代小麦品种旗叶光合特性对水分亏缺的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(04): 693-703.

YANG Zai-Jie,CHEN Fu,SHI Lei-Gang,WEN Xin-Ya. Responses of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Decades to Water Deficit in North China Plain[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(04): 693-703.

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