甘蓝型油菜苗期耐淹性状主基因+多基因遗传分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01964

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长江中下游是中国油菜主产区，该地区油菜播栽期间雨水多，易产生湿害，造成产量下降。所以研究甘蓝型油菜苗期耐淹性的遗传规律，对选育耐淹性强油菜新品种，提高油菜产量意义重大。本文应用甘蓝型油菜品种WR-4 (耐淹)和WR-5 (不耐淹)杂交后代衍生的6个世代(P₁、F₁、P₂、B_1:2、B_2:2、F_2:3)群体为材料，全淹6 d后去水恢复生长，去水后第7天调查死苗率，以此为耐淹性指标，于2012和2013年对6个世代群体家系进行耐淹性鉴定。应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法对耐淹性进行遗传分析。结果表明，2个年度该家系群体苗期耐淹性的最适遗传模型分别是E-0和B-3，即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因和2对加性主基因模型。由此可见，该家系群体甘蓝型油菜苗期耐淹性主要受2对主基因控制，主基因存在加性、显性和上位性效应。当有显性效应存在时(2012年)，主基因显性效应值|h_a|=0.3475，|h_b|=0.0069，大于主基因加性效应值|d_a|=|d_b|=0.0036。B_1:2、B_2:2和F_2:3群体的主基因遗传率(h²_mg)，2012年分别为36.25%、61.40%和61.84%，平均为53.16%；2013年分别为8.30%、30.48%和43.13%；平均为27.30%。2年平均，环境变异占表型变异的59.77%。上述结果表明，甘蓝型油菜苗期耐淹性受2对主基因型控制，但环境对耐淹性状的表型影响较大。F_2:3家系群体苗期耐淹性遗传率较高，因此育种上可在早期世代对耐淹性状进行选择。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 耐淹性, 主基因+多基因, 遗传分析

Abstract:

The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is a main producing region of canola (Brassica napus L.) in China. However, canola in this region is subjected to water-logging during planting period to reduce yield. It is of importance to study the inheritance of water-logging tolerance for canola. In this paper a family lines population of six generations of P₁, F₁, P₂, B_1:2, B_2:2, F_2:3 derived from the cross of WR-4 (resistant)×WR-5 (non-resistant) was used to analyse genetic segregation by applying major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model. The seedling mortality was recorded on the 7th day after logging-removing for plant recovery following six days full-submergence treatment of the seedlings in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that the seedling mortality was respectively fitted the genetic model of E-0 and B-3 i.e. two pairs of additive- dominant-epistatic major gene plus additive-dominant-epistatic polygene model and two pairs of additive major genes model. This result confirms that water-logging tolerance of seedling in this cross is controlled mainly by two major genes which expressed in the mode of additive-dominant-epistatic effects. While dominant effects expressed (2012) it gave a higher value of |h_a|=0.3475, |h_b|=0.0069 than the additive effect of the major genes which was |d_a|=|d_b|=0.0036. In the populations of B_1:2, B_2:2, and F_2:3, h²_mg was 36.25%, 61.40%, and 61.84% respectively with an average of 53.16% in 2012, and 8.30%, 30.48%, and 43.13% respectively with an average of 27.30% in 2013. Variance from environment effects was 59.77% of the total phenotypic variance on an average in two years. A conclusion could be made that water-logging tolerance of seedling in B. napus is controlled by two major genes but heavily affected by environment. Since a higher value of h²_mg was detected in F_2:3populations, selection in early generations might be an effective way for waterlogging tolerance breeding in B. napus.

Key words: Brassica napus L., Water-logging tolerance, Major gene plus polygene, Genetic model

金岩,吕艳艳,付三雄,戚存扣. 甘蓝型油菜苗期耐淹性状主基因+多基因遗传分析[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(11): 1964-1972.

JIN Yan,Lü Yan-Yan,FU San-Xiong,QI Cun-Kou. Inheritance of Major Gene Plus Polygene of Water-logging Tolerance in Brassica napus L.[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(11): 1964-1972.

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