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作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 2183-2191.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02183

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

江苏机插水稻大面积均衡增产共性特征分析

杜永林1,2,缪学宽1,李刚华1,*,张俊1,王绍华1,刘正辉1,唐设1,丁艳锋1,*   

  1. 1 南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心 / 农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室，江苏南京210095；2江苏省农业委员会，江苏南京 210036；
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-11 修回日期:2014-09-16 出版日期:2014-12-12 网络出版日期:2014-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 李刚华, E-mail: lgh@njau.edu.cn; 丁艳锋, E-mail: dingyf@njau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14, 2012BAD20B05, 2012BAD04B08, 2013BAD20B05)资助。

Common Characteristics of Balanced Yield Increase in a Large Area of Mechanical Transplanted Rice in Jiangsu Province

DU Yong-Lin1,2,MIAO Xue-Kuan1,LI Gang-Hua1,*,ZHANG Jun1,WANG Shao-Hua1,LIU Zheng-Hui1,TANG She1,DING Yan-Feng1,*   

  1. 1 National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2 Jiangsu Agriculture Commission, Nanjing 210036, China
  • Received:2014-03-11 Revised:2014-09-16 Published:2014-12-12 Published online:2014-10-01

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被引次数

12

摘要：

以江苏26个水稻高产创建示范县为对象，对水稻田产量及群体结构的典型田块进行调查。将水稻生产要素(种植方、品种、播期、种植方式)类型相近或相同的田块按产量分成高产田(I，> 10.5 t hm-2)、中产田(II，9.0 ~10.5 t hm-2)、低产田(III，< 9.0 t hm-2) 3个等级，比较其产量结构、空间分布均衡性等群体指标。结果表明：(1)高产田的颖花数、穗数、穗粒数均有显著优势；不同类型田块在行距、穴距、单位面积穴数等空间配置上差异未达显著水平。(2)不同产量水平田块单穴穗数整齐度差异显著；产量与单穴穗数整齐度呈极显著正相关(r=0.436**，2009；r=0.441**，2010)。(3)顶部叶片长度增加有利于总粒数的增加，但易降低结实率，尤其是下位叶。表明提高单穴穗数整齐度和穗粒数整齐度，是协调水稻穗数、穗粒数和粒重三者矛盾的有效途径；也是江苏大面积均衡增产的有效途径。

关键词: 水稻, 机插, 产量, 均衡性

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted in a large area of representative fields in 26 high-yielding rice demonstration counties of Jiangsu Province with mechanical transplanting in 2009 and 2010. Fields planted with the same site, cultivar, sowing date and management were divided into three types based on the grain yield, including high grain yield fields (I, > 10.5 t ha-1), middle grain yield fields (II, 9.0-10.5 t ha-1) and low grain yield fields (III, < 9.0 t ha-1). Characteristics of yield components and the balance of rice space distribution were compared among the three types. The result showed that high-yielding fields had significantly higher spikelets per m2, panicles per m2, spikelets per panicle than the other types. There were no significant differences in spacing characteristics, which mainly includes row spacing, holes spacing and panicles per hole. There was significant difference in the uniformity of panicles per hole among different types. There was significantly positive correlation between the uniformity of panicles per hole and grain yield (r=0.436**, 2009; r=0.441**, 2010). Lengths of the top leaves were beneficial to the spikelets per panicle, but  could decrease the grain-filling. These results suggested that it is an effective way to resolve the contradiction among rice yield components by improving the uniformity of panicle per m2 and spikelets per panicle. It is also a right way to improve grain yield of rice transplanted by machine in a large area of Jiangsu Province.

Key words: Rice, Transplanted by machine, Yield, Uniformity

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