作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04): 623-632.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00623
尹宝重1,甄文超1,*,冯悦2
YIN Bao-Zhong1,ZHEN Wen-Chao1,*,FENG Yue2
摘要:
于2012—2013年在河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所深州试验站, 以郑单958为供试品种, 设置夏玉米深松播种和免耕播种两个处理, 从玉米出苗开始, 根据生育进程定期观察玉米根系形态、生理指标及微观结构、玉米冠层光合特性和叶面积指数, 成熟期测定产量, 计算水分利用效率和2 m土体水分储蓄情况。结果表明, 0~60 cm土层, 深松播种处理可提高玉米根系干物质积累、表面积、根长和活跃吸收面积比例, 全生育期分别比免耕播种处理提高30.5%、24.6%、29.7%和56.3%。0~60 cm土层, 深松播种处理玉米根系脯氨酸含量、硝酸还原酶活性和根系活力分别比免耕处理高140%、37%和36.5%。全生育期, 深松播种处理根系伤流液总量比免耕播种处理提高15.2%。0~40 cm土层, 深松播种处理单根和整株根系导水率分别提高15.8%和17%。0~40 cm土层, 深松播种处理玉米根系中柱导管直径增大, 中柱鞘细胞壁及中柱内薄壁细胞的细胞壁增厚栓化, 髓细胞数量增多但整体在髓腔横切面积中所占比例偏小, 后生木质部导管直径增大、数量增多, 皮层厚度降低;0~20 cm土层, 深松播种处理根系皮层中部细胞虽也较大但层数较少, 相当于免耕处理的86.2%。深松播种处理可提高玉米叶面积指数, 全生育期平均比免耕处理高12.5%;深松播种处理还可提高叶片光合速率和光合势。深松播种处理玉米籽粒灌浆速率全生育期平均比免耕播种处理高5%。与免耕处理相比, 深松播种处理2年平均穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别比免耕播种处理提高2.4%、3.9%和8.2%, 耗水量降低9.1%, 产量和水分利用效率分别比免耕处理高8.2%和14.4%, 2 m土体贮水量提高31.7%。
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