带状套作荫蔽及复光对不同大豆品种(系)生长及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01740

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取我国南方套作模式下20个不同产量水平的大豆品种(系)，于2013—2014年采用净作和遮荫(遮阳网或玉米)对比分析了高产和低产大豆品种在荫蔽期及复光期的生长特点。结果表明，荫蔽期间，茎叶干物重显著低于净作，分配规律表现为“茎多叶少”，分别为58.4%和41.6%；与高产类型大豆相比，低产类型茎叶干重下降比例、茎长、茎长/茎粗、茎长/地上部干物质、茎长/叶面积显著增加；荫蔽期地上部干物质与产量呈显著正相关，茎干物质比例与产量呈显著负相关。光照恢复后，地上部干物质迅速增加，分配规律表现为“茎少叶多”，复光后30 d分别为47.7%和52.3%；高产类型地上部干物质、叶面积、叶干重比例、茎粗均显著大于低产类型，茎长/茎粗、茎长/地上部干物质、茎长/叶面积均显著小于低产类型；地上部干物质、叶面积、茎粗、叶干物质比例与产量呈显著正相关，茎长/茎粗、茎长/地上部干物质、茎长/叶面积与产量呈极显著负相关。通过复光前后生长性状与产量的回归分析，复光后30 d的叶干物质比例、茎长/地上部干物质、茎粗可作为预测套作大豆产量的主要指标。上述结果表明，选择荫蔽期茎长较短、地上部干物质较大、叶面积更大，光照恢复期茎粗较大、叶干物质比例较大、茎长/地上部干物质较小的大豆品种可以在套作下获得高产。

关键词: 套作, 荫蔽{复光, 大豆, 补偿生长, 产量

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to compare agronomic traits during shade and light recovery periods between high yield and low yield soybean cultivars undershade net or in “maize-soybean” relay strip intercropping in 2013 and 2014. Twenty typical soybean varieties with dirrerent yield levels in relay cropping in south of China were used. The results showed that during shade period stem dry weight and leaf dry weight were significantly lower than those of control , the dry weght natio of stem and leaf was 58.4% and 41.6% respectively under shade. Compared with the high yield soybeans, low yield cultivars had significantly higher decline rate of aboveground dry weight, stem length , stem length/ stem diameter, stem length/ aboveground dry weight, stem length/ leaf area. and the yield was positively correlated with aboveground dry weight, and negatively correlated with stem weight ratio during shade period. During light recovery period, aboveground dry weight and leaf area increased rapidly, soybean showed more leaf weight ratio, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight were 47.7% and 52.3% respectively at 30 days after the recovery of light. High yield soybeans had significantly higher aboveground dry weight, leaf area, stem diameter, leaf weightratio and significantly smaller stem length/ stem diameter, stem length/aboveground dry weight, stem length/leaf area. In light recovery duration, yield was positively correlated with aboveground dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area,and leaf weight ratio, and negatively correlated with stem length/ stem diameter, stem length/ aboveground dry weight. Stem length/ aboveground dry weight, stem diameter and leaf weight ratio were the three biggest variables determing yield selected by regression analysis. These results concluded that soybean cultivars with smaller stem length, larger aboveground dry weight and leaf area during shade period and smaller stem length/ aboveground dry weight, larger stem diameter and higher leaf weight ratio could obtain high yield in relay strip intercropping.

Key words: Relay strip intercropping, Shade, Light recovery, Soybean, Compensation growth, Yield

吴雨珊,龚万灼,廖敦平,武晓玲,杨峰,刘卫国,雍太文,杨文钰. 带状套作荫蔽及复光对不同大豆品种(系)生长及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(11): 1740-1747.

WU Yu-Shan,GONG Wan-Zhuo,LIAO Dun-Ping,WU Xiao-Ling,YANG Feng,LIU Wei-Guo,YONG Tai-Wen,YANG Wen-Yu. Effects of Shade and Light Recovery on Soybean Cultivars (Lines) and Its Relationship with Yield in Relay Strip Intercropping System[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(11): 1740-1747.

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