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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1506-1515.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01506

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱区滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花生长和产量性能的影响

牛玉萍,陈宗奎,杨林川,罗宏海*,张旺锋   

  1. 石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-25 修回日期:2016-06-20 出版日期:2016-10-12 网络出版日期:2016-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 罗宏海,E-mail:luohonghai79@163.com,Tel:0993-2058075
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U1203283)和新疆生产建设兵团博士专项(2014BB009)资助。

Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Growth and Yield Performance of Cotton in Arid Area

NIU Yu-Ping, CHEN Zong-Kui, YANG Lin-Chuan, LUO Hong-Hai*, and ZHANG Wang-Feng   

  1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production Construction Group / Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
  • Received:2015-12-25 Revised:2016-06-20 Published:2016-10-12 Published online:2016-06-27
  • Contact: 罗宏海,E-mail:luohonghai79@163.com,Tel:0993-2058075
  • Supported by:

    ThisresearchwassupportedbytheStakeKeyProgramofJointFoundsoftheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(U1203283)andtheSpecializedResearchFundfortheDoctoralProgramofXinjiangProductionandConstructionCorps(2014BB009).

摘要:

以高产棉花品种新陆早45为材料,自初花至吐絮设置常规滴灌(I500)和有限滴灌(I425) 2种处理,每种滴灌模式下设低(D12)、中(D24)和高(D36)3个种植密度,分析棉花不同生育时期叶面积指数(LAI)、群体生长率(CGR)、棉铃生长率(BGR)、净同化率(NAR)以及产量、灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE)等变化。结果表明,与I500相比,I425将LAI到达顶峰的时间推迟至盛铃期并延缓了盛铃期以后的叶片衰老,显著提高了盛花期至吐絮期NAR,在不显著降低籽棉产量的前提下,提高了IWUE。在I500条件下,LAI、CGR、BGR、NAR、总生物量(TDW)、铃生物量(BDW)、总铃数(BN)、生殖器官与营养器官质量的比例(RVR)均以D24较高,D12最低;I425条件下,上述参数均以D36最高。籽棉产量以I500D24、I425D36较高,IWUE则以I425D36较高。相关分析表明,籽棉产量和IWUE与BN、RVR呈显著正相关,IWUE与NAR呈显著正相关。表明盛花期至盛铃期较快的群体生长速率、较强的物质生产能力以及较多的干物质持续向棉铃的供应,是I425D36提高产量的重要原因。

关键词: 棉花, 滴灌模式, 种植密度, 生长参数, 产量

Abstract:

Water shortage is one of the major constraints in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in north-western China. A field experiment was conducted using high-yielding cotton cultivars Xinluzao 45, with two drip irrigation patterns including conventional drip irrigation (I500) and limited drip irrigation (I425), and three planting densities of 12×104 (D12), 24×104 (D24), 36×104 (D36). Leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), boll growth rate (BGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were determined. The results showed that, compared with I500, I425 postponed getting peak LAI and alleviated the leaf senescence after full boll stage, and increased the NAR from full flowering stage to boll opening stage significantly, which increased IWUE, on the premise of non-significant changes in seed yield. The effects of plant density on growth parameters, dry matter accumulation and yield components depended on irrigation patterns. In the treatment of I500, LAI, CGR, BGR, total dry matter weight (TDW), boll dry matter weight (BDW), boll number per area (BN) and the mass ratio of reproductive organs and vegetative organs were the maximum observed under D24, and the minimum under D12. In the treatment of I425, all of the above parameters significantly increased with increasing planting density, and achieved the maximum under D36. Finally, I425D36 and I500D24 had the highest seed yield resulting from the increase of boll number per area. The seed yield and IWUE had significantly positive correlation with BN and RVR. There was a significant positive correlation between IWUE and NAR. The reason that I425D36 enhanced the yield is the large crop growth rate, capability of dry matter production, and transportation to successive dry matter to boll from full flowering stage to full boll stage.

Key words: Cotton, Dripirrigationpattern, Plantingdensity, Growthparameters, Yield

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