作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 126-136.
张海燕1,2,段文学2,解备涛2,董顺旭2,汪宝卿2,史春余1,*,张立明3,*
ZHANG Hai-Yan1,2,DUAN Wen-Xue2,XIE Bei-Tao2,DONG Shun-Xu2,WANG Bao-Qing2,SHI Chun-Yu1,*,ZHANG Li-Ming3,*
摘要:
在人工控水条件下, 以抗旱品种济薯21和不抗旱品种济紫薯1号为试验材料, 设置全生育期干旱胁迫(DS)、发根分枝期干旱胁迫(DS1)、蔓薯并长期干旱胁迫(DS2)、快速膨大期干旱胁迫(DS3) 4个处理, 全生育期正常灌水(WW)为对照, 研究其对甘薯内源激素及块根产量的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, 2个品种不同年份的所有干旱胁迫处理的鲜薯和薯干产量均显著下降。其中, DS薯干产量减产幅度最大, 济薯21和济紫薯1号3年平均分别减产44.62%和56.21%; 其次是DS1, 减产32.03%和44.03%; 再次是DS2, 减产30.41%和39.39%; DS3的减产幅度最小, 为13.66%和17.88%。抗旱品种济薯21的减产幅度小于不抗旱品种济紫薯1号。干旱胁迫抑制了甘薯地上部生长及块根的形成和膨大, 两个品种的单株叶片数、蔓长、地上部干重、地下部干重和块根淀粉率, 与对照相比, 各时期均表现为, DS的减少幅度最大, 其次是DS1和DS2, DS3的减少幅度最小。不同时期干旱胁迫均引起叶片和块根中GA、IAA和ZR含量下降, ABA含量上升。地上部干重与叶片GA、IAA和ZR含量呈显著正相关, 与ABA含量呈显著负相关; 地下部干重与块根GA、IAA和ZR含量呈显著正相关, 与ABA含量呈显著负相关。总之, 不同时期干旱胁迫均导致甘薯产量下降, 且胁迫时间越早, 对甘薯内源激素和块根产量的影响越大, 发根分枝期是甘薯对水分最敏感的时期。
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