作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 657-671.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00657
简大为1,2, 周阳2, 刘宏伟2, 杨丽2, 买春艳3, 于立强4, 韩新年5, 张宏军2,*(
), 李洪杰2,*(
)
Da-Wei JIAN1,2, Yang ZHOU2, Hong-Wei LIU2, Li YANG2, Chun-Yan MAI3, Li-Qiang YU4, Xin-Nian HAN5, Hong-Jun ZHANG2,*(
), Hong-Jie LI2,*(
)
摘要:
揭示新疆小麦改良品种与地方品种在主要农艺性状相关基因上的遗传变异对进一步改良和利用新疆育成品种具有重要意义。本研究利用52个功能标记对136份新疆小麦改良品种和地方品种分析发现, 与适应性相关的矮秆等位变异Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b、半冬性生长习性相关等位变异Vrn-D1b、T1BL·1RS易位系, 与品质相关的高脂肪氧化酶活性等位变异TaLox-B1a、低多酚氧化酶活性等位变异Ppo-D1a、低黄色素含量等位变异Psy-A1b以及与高粒重等位变异Hap-H (TaSus-2B)仅分布在改良品种中, 而且光周期不敏感等位变异Ppd-D1a (77.6%)、优质麦谷蛋白亚基Dx5+Dy10 (35.4%)和硬质等位变异Pin-D1b (25.0%), 以及高千粒重等位变异TaCwi-A1a (63.3%)、Hap-4A-T (Tacwi-4A) (33.8%)、Hap-5D-C (TaCWI-5D) (93.7%)、Hap-2 (TaGS1a) (77.9%)、TaGS-D1a (78.5%)、TaGS5-A1b (50.0%)和TaTGW6-A1a (92.1%)在改良品种中分布频率明显高于地方品种。大部分优异等位变异分布频率随着育种时期的推进呈现不连续性上升趋势。在适应性与品质相关基因方面, 春性改良品种的优异等位变异频率高于冬性改良品种。功能标记分析显示改良品种的遗传多样性高于地方品种。136份新疆小麦资源被聚为改良品种和地方品种两类, 改良品种被进一步聚为冬性和春性两类, 说明新疆改良品种与地方品种间存在明显的遗传差异。本研究鉴定的优异等位基因和等位基因组合为进一步改良新疆小麦品种提供了重要信息。
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