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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1496-1505.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01496

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施钾量对膜下滴灌甜菜光合性能以及对产量和品质的影响

黄春燕1,2,苏文斌2,张少英1,*(),樊福义2,郭晓霞2,李智1,2,菅彩媛2,任霄云2,宫前恒2   

  1. 1内蒙古农业大学农学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
    2 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院特色作物研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特010031
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-01 接受日期:2018-07-20 出版日期:2018-10-10 网络出版日期:2018-08-01
  • 通讯作者: 张少英
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-210302);国家自然科学基金项目()和内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新基金(2014QNJJN08)资助(31260347);内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新基金(2014QNJJN08)

Effects of Potassium Application on Photosynthetic Performance, Yield, and Quality of Sugar Beet with Mulching-drip Irrigation

Chun-Yan HUANG1,2,Wen-Bin SU2,Shao-Ying ZHANG1,*(),Fu-Yi FAN2,Xiao-Xia GUO2,Zhi LI1,2,Cai-Yuan JIAN2,Xiao-Yun REN2,Qian-Heng GONG2   

  1. 1 Agriculture College, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
    2 Special Crops Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2018-03-01 Accepted:2018-07-20 Published:2018-10-10 Published online:2018-08-01
  • Contact: Shao-Ying ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-210302);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260347);the Youth Innovation Foundation of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences(2014QNJJN08)

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摘要：

膜下滴灌技术被广泛应用于内蒙古冷凉干旱地区的甜菜生产中。为探明施钾量对膜下滴灌甜菜光合生理特性和产质量的影响及其适宜钾肥用量, 于2014?2015年在内蒙古凉城县设K2O 0、90、180、270和360 kg hm -25个施肥处理进行了研究。结果表明, 钾素能够提高甜菜的光合性能, 如促进株高、叶面积指数、净光合速率的增加; 施钾肥180、270和360 kg hm -2显著提高了叶丛快速生长期甜菜的净光合速率, 影响净光合速率的最主要因素是RuBPCase活性, 其次是气孔导度, 净光合速率与甜菜产量呈极显著正相关。适宜的钾肥用量有利于块根、叶柄和叶片干重的增加及产量增加, 但施钾过量, 块根干物质分配比例下降, 含糖率下降, 块根干物质分配比例与甜菜含糖率呈显著正相关。施钾量270 kg hm -2时产量最高, 90 kg hm -2时含糖率最高, 当施钾量大于180 kg hm -2时, 块根中K +、Na +含量增加, 大于270 kg hm -2时, 块根中α-氨基酸含量增加, 施钾量180 kg hm -2时产糖量最高。综合考虑施钾量对膜下滴灌甜菜产量和品质的影响, 内蒙古甜菜种植优势区域的钾肥推荐施用量为180 kg hm -2。

关键词: 施钾量, 膜下滴灌, 甜菜, 光合性能, 产量和品质

Abstract:

The technology of drip irrigation under mulch is widely used for sugar beet cultivation in cold and arid region of Inner Mongolia. In order to investigate proper potassium application rate and effects of potassium on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality on sugar beet with mulching-drip irrigation, a field experiment was conducted at Liangcheng city of Inner Mongolia in 2014-2015 with five treatments (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg ha -1)potassium application. The results indicated that potassium could increase the photosynthetic performance of sugar beet, enhancing plant height, leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate. The treatments of 180, 270, and 360 kg ha -1 potassium fertilizer increased the net photosynthetic rate, which mainly affected by RuBPCase activity, followed by stomatal conductance. Proper potassium application benefited dry weigh increasing of roots, shoots and leaves, and yield increasing. But excessive application of potassium fertilizer significantly decreased the dry matter distribution to roots, and sugar content. There were the highest yield 270 kg ha -1 potassium application, the highest sugar content in the treatment of 90 kg ha -1 potassium and the largest economic benefits in the treatment of 180 kg ha -1potassium. When the application amount of potassium was more than 180 kg ha -1, the contents of K + and Na + increased in root. When the application amount of potassium was more than 270 kg ha -1, the content of α-amino acid in roots increased. According to the effects of potassium on sugar beet yield and quality, the recommended potassium fertilizer rate was 180 kg ha -1 in the main sugar beet planting area in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: potassium application, mulching-drip irrigation, sugar beet, photosynthetic performance, yield and quality

表1

试验地土壤基础肥力"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total P
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total K
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Avail N
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Avail P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Avail K
(mg kg-1)		 pH
2014 9.88 0.49 0.82 19.68 64.82 13.9 103.7 8.13
2015 15.73 0.64 0.82 24.12 73.28 9.05 122.16 8.10

表2

施钾量对甜菜株高的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2014 2015
块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS		 块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS
K0 19.4±0.5 a 40.9±1.0 b 43.8±0.6 d 45.9±0.9 c 27.6±0.8 b 43.0±1.0 c 48.1±1.8 b 49.1±1.2 b
K90 19.7±0.4 a 43.5±0.7 ab 46.6±0.9 c 48.5±0.5 b 29.4±0.4 a 43.6±0.9 bc 51.6±1.6 ab 53.2±0.8 a
K180 20.3±0.3 a 43.9±1.3 ab 50.3±0.9 b 51.0±0.9 a 28.9±0.6 ab 46.3±1.1 ab 52.1±1.6 ab 54.2±1.4 a
K270 20.6±0.8 a 44.0±1.0 a 52.1±0.8 a 53.1±0.8 a 30.5±0.2 a 47.1±0.9 a 55.4±1.7 a 56.2±1.3 a
K360 19.4±0.6 a 41.1±0.9 ab 46.8±1.0 bc 47.3±0.9 c 28.9±0.7 ab 45.0±0.7 abc 52.6±0.9 ab 52.0±1.8 ab

表3

施钾量对甜菜叶面积指数的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2014 2015
块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS		 块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS
K0 0.43±0.01 a 1.59±0.03 b 2.52±0.09 c 2.09±0.02 c 0.56±0.01 b 2.09±0.09 b 2.61±0.13 b 2.08±0.14 c
K90 0.48±0.02 a 1.68±0.05 b 2.58±0.06 c 2.18±0.06 bc 0.66±0.01 ab 2.21±0.04 b 2.65±0.07 b 2.43±0.20 bc
K180 0.47±0.03 a 1.73±0.09 b 2.75±0.12 c 2.27±0.07 b 0.70±0.02 ab 2.30±0.04 b 2.88±0.06 b 2.56±0.10 b
K270 0.49±0.01 a 2.24±0.15 a 3.55±0.10 a 2.61±0.08 a 0.76±0.02 a 2.53±0.06 a 3.49±0.17 a 3.13±0.10 a
K360 0.45±0.01 a 2.10±0.09 a 3.25±0.11 b 2.31±0.04 b 0.70±0.02 ab 2.58±0.10 a 3.38±0.09 a 3.15±0.13 a

图1

施钾量对甜菜叶片气体交换参数的影响 缩写同表2。"

图2

施钾量对甜菜 RuBPCase活性的影响 缩写同表2。"

表4

甜菜Pn与Gs、Tr、Ci和RuBPCase活性的相关系数"

生育时期
Growth period		 气孔导度
Gs		 蒸腾速率
Tr		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci		 RuBPCase活性
RuBPCase activity
RDFS 0.752 0.720 0.759 0.995**
LGFS 0.960** 0.627 0.858* 0.993**
RSIS 0.868* 0.993** 0.610 0.997**
SCAS 0.995** 0.983** 0.828* 0.984**

图3

施钾量对甜菜干物质积累与分配的影响 缩写同表2。"

表5

施钾量对甜菜产量和品质的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 含糖率
Sugar content
(%)		 K+含量
K+ content
(μmol g-1 FW)		 Na+含量
Na+ content
(μmol g-1 FW)		 α-氨基酸含量
α-amino acid
(μmol g-1 FW)
2014 K0 58536.43±642.15 d 16.50±0.15 b 36.28±0.59 a 4.50±0.13 d 9.98±0.21 c
K90 63205.16±765.08 c 17.43±0.10 a 36.68±0.34 a 6.48±0.28 c 10.38±0.17 c
K180 66201.89±254.42 b 17.26±0.08 a 38.43±0.52 a 9.93±0.37 a 10.73±0.39 c
K270 68475.90±730.50 a 16.53±0.18 b 39.10±0.27 a 8.98±0.19 b 15.30±0.11 b
K360 67167.40±688.93 ab 15.90±0.27 c 39.65±0.40 a 5.78±0.28 c 16.20±0.37 a
2015 K0 65182.51±875.45 d 16.02±0.15 b 39.18±0.30 b 6.70±0.31 c 14.95±0.30 b
K90 70363.43±582.09 c 16.96±0.10 a 39.30±0.44 b 7.30±0.09 abc 15.20±0.15 b
K180 74490.63±641.28 b 16.83±0.21 a 39.38±0.50 a 7.80±0.36 a 15.48±0.49 b
K270 77698.13±1005.27 a 15.95±0.07 b 40.25±0.23 a 7.53±0.26 ab 17.53±0.25 a
K360 75395.81±894.22 b 15.65±0.08 b 42.85±0.37 a 6.83±0.24 bc 18.13±0.34 a

表6

部分指标与甜菜产质量的相关系数"

指标
Index		 产量
Yield		 含糖率
Sugar content		 K+含量
K+ content		 Na+含量
Na+ content		 α-氨基酸含量
α-amino acid
株高 Plant height 0.859 0.173 0.336 0.512 0.433
叶面积指数Leaf area index 0.695 -0.638 0.987** -0.174 0.892*
净光合速率Pn 0.995** -0.164 0.740 0.338 0.737
块根干重 Root dry weigh 0.957* 0.101 0.559 0.562 0.545
叶柄干重 Shoot dry weigh 0.955* -0.423 0.917* 0.097 0.900*
叶片干重 Leaf dry weigh 0.955* -0.432 0.915* 0.084 0.907*
块根干物质分配比例 Distribution ratio of root dry matter -0.214 0.921* -0.774 0.710 -0.764
叶柄干物质分配比例 Distribution ratio of shoot dry matter -0.209 -0.840 0.444 -0.851 0.448
叶片干物质分配比例 Distribution ratio of leaf dry matter 0.522 -0.866 0.936* -0.507 0.917*

图4

施钾量对甜菜产糖量的影响 误差线上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

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