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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1506-1516.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01506

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量和生物有效性及其对氮磷肥的响应

黄鑫1,李耀光1,孙婉1,侯俊峰1,马英1,张剑2,马冬云1,3,*(),王晨阳1,3,郭天财1   

  1. 1 河南农业大学农学院 / 国家小麦工程技术研究中心, 河南郑州 450046
    2 河南农业大学食品科技学院, 河南郑州 450046
    3 河南农业大学/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 河南郑州 450046
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-30 接受日期:2018-07-20 出版日期:2018-10-10 网络出版日期:2018-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 马冬云
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300400);河南省自然科学基金项目(162300410137)

Variation of Grain Iron and Zinc Contents and Their Bioavailability of Wheat Cultivars with Different-colored Grains under Combined Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

Xin HUANG1,Yao-Guang LI1,Wan SUN1,Jun-Feng HOU1,Ying MA1,Jian ZHANG2,Dong-Yun MA1,3,*(),Chen-Yang WANG1,3,Tian-Cai GUO1   

  1. 1 Agronomy College / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    2 Food and Science Technology College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    3 The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • Received:2018-01-30 Accepted:2018-07-20 Published:2018-10-10 Published online:2018-08-02
  • Contact: Dong-Yun MA
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300400);the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(162300410137)

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摘要：

明确不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量和生物有效性及其对氮磷肥配施的响应, 对小麦高产优质高效生产具有重要意义。本文以6个不同粒色(白粒、红粒和黑粒)小麦品种为材料, 在大田条件下研究了不同氮磷肥配比(N1: 90 kg N hm -2; N2: 240 kg N hm -2; P1: 60 kg P2O5 hm -2; P2: 209 kg P2O5 hm -2)对小麦产量、籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性的影响。结果表明, 不同品种籽粒铁锌含量和积累量存在年际间差异, 黑粒小麦具有较高的铁锌生物有效性。小麦籽粒产量、铁锌含量及积累量在N2P1处理下最高; 铁锌生物有效性在N2P2或N2P1处理下最高, 两处理之间没有显著差异。红粒小麦扬麦15和扬麦22在N2P1水平下籽粒铁锌含量及其积累量最高, N2P2次之; 黑粒小麦周黑麦1号和紫麦1号在N2P2水平下铁含量及其积累量最高, N2P1次之; 不同品种的铁锌生物有效性多数在N2P1或N2P2水平下最高, 表明适量增施氮肥, 有利于提高籽粒产量、铁锌含量及其生物有效性。在本试验条件下综合考虑产量和效率, N2P1 (240 kg N hm -2、60 kg P2O5 hm -2)处理对提高产量、增加籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性效果最佳。

关键词: 小麦, 氮磷配施, 籽粒产量, 铁锌含量, 生物有效性

Abstract:

Six wheat cultivars with different-colored grains (white, red, and black) were used to investigate effects of combined N (N1: 90 kg N ha-1; N2: 240 kg N ha-1) and P (P1: 60 kg P2O5 ha-1; P2: 209 kg P2O5 ha-1) fertilization on grain yield, Fe and Zn contents and accumulation in grain, and their bioavailability in a two-year field experiment. Black-grain cultivars had a higher average Fe and Zn bioavailability than the red- and white-grain cultivars. Meanwhile, there were inter-annual differences in Fe and Zn contents and accumulation in grains among different wheat cultivars. Maximum grain yield, Fe and Zn contents and accumulation were observed under N2P1 treatment, while highest Fe and Zn bioavailability were observed under N2P2 or N2P1 treatment. Red-grain cultivars Yangmai 15 and Yangmai 22 got the highest Fe and Zn contents, and accumulation amount under N2P1 treatment. Black-grain cultivars Zhouheimai 1 and Zimai 1 got the highest Fe content and accumulation amount under N2P2 treatment, followed by N2P1. Most cultivars had the highest Fe and Zn bioavailability under N2P1 or N2P2 treatment, which indicated that increasing N application results in a higher grain yield, Fe and Zn contents, and their bioavailability. In this experiment, wheat cultivars would benefit from N2P1 treatment in terms of grain yield, Fe and Zn contents, and their bioavailability.

Key words: wheat, nitrogen and phosphorus combinations, grain yield, iron and zinc contents, bioavailability

附表1

不同品种在2014和2015年度生育时期"

品种
Cultivar		 播期
Sowing date
(month/day)		 开花期
Flowering date
(month/day)		 收获期
Harvest date
(month/day)		 灌浆期
Grain filling duration
(d)
2013-2014
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 10/16 4/21 5/31 40
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 10/16 4/18 5/29 41
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 10/23 4/18 5/29 41
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 10/23 4/18 5/29 41
周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 10/16 4/21 5/31 40
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 10/16 4/21 5/31 40
2014-2015
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 10/15 4/29 6/3 35
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 10/15 4/25 5/31 36
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 10/22 4/25 5/31 36
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 10/22 4/25 5/31 36
周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 10/15 4/29 6/3 35
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 10/15 4/29 6/3 35

附表2

产量及籽粒铁锌含量方差分析(均方)"

变异来源
Source		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TKW		 产量
Yield		 铁含量
Fe content		 锌含量
Zn content		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
年份 Year (Y) 1944.0 350.7* 476.8* 7812861.2* 6070.5** 108.9** 0.3 923.4**
肥料 Fertilization (F) 54607.7* 246.4* 41.6* 6809056.7* 1519.0** 430.6** 61.3** 1102.7**
品种 Cultivar (C) 28771.5* 1119.2* 202.1* 1434103.0* 400.9* 45.2** 40.8** 59.4**
F×Y 12702.4* 54.9 28.7* 612532.7 2017.9** 263.7** 16.9 171.7**
Y×C 13975.0* 54.2 15.0* 674687.9* 337.9* 26.1 7.6** 75.6**
F×C 17702.2 359.3 10.4* 346523.7 479.7** 42.9** 7.6** 23.6**
F×Y×C 45591.5* 314.9 10.0* 456607.8 266.0* 64.6** 6.7 46.9**

表1

不同粒色小麦籽粒产量及其构成因素"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 穗数
SN (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2013-2014
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 585 ab 26 b 50.1 a 6875 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 620 a 36 a 41.9 bc 7229 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 518 ab 36 a 50.3 a 6958 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 481 b 39 a 44.0 b 6854 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 503 b 37 a 41.1 c 7118 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 498 b 37 a 43.9 b 6618 a
2014-2015
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 619 a 33 b 45.9 a 6402 ab
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 559 bc 40 a 40.6 c 6716 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 510 d 39 a 43.0 b 6889 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 600 ab 41 a 39.0 c 6586 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 526 cd 42 a 36.4 d 5954 cb
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 510 d 39 a 39.8 c 5679 c
2年平均 Average of two years
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 602 a 30 b 48.0 a 6639 ab
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 590 a 38 a 41.3 b 6973 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 514 b 38 a 46.7 a 6924 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 541 ab 40 a 41.5 b 6720 ab
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 515 b 40 a 38.8 c 6536 ab
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 504 b 38 a 41.9 b 6149 b

表2

氮磷肥配施对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
SN (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2013-2014 N1P1 518 bc 37 a 45.0 bc 6625 b
N2P1 560 ab 38 a 45.3 ab 7565 a
N1P2 478 c 36 a 46.4 a 6620 b
N2P2 581 a 36 a 44.2 c 6958 b
2014-2015 N1P1 459 c 39 a 39.0 c 5586 d
N2P1 645 a 41 a 43.7 a 7100 a
N1P2 510 b 36 b 41.5 b 6163 c
N2P2 602 a 40 a 39.0 c 6638 b
2年平均 N1P1 489 b 38 ab 42.0 a 6106 c
Average N2P1 603 a 40 a 44.5 a 7333 a
of two years N1P2 494 b 36 b 44.0 a 6392 c
N2P2 592 a 38 ab 41.6 a 6798 b

表3

不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量及积累量"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 铁含量
Fe content
(mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content
(mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation
(g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation
(g hm-2)
2013-2014
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 51.9 b 33.4 c 361.5 b 233.4 b
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 53.0 b 34.0 bc 385.9 b 245.5 ab
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 51.6 b 35.2 ab 361.3 b 247.1 ab
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 54.8 b 33.5 c 378.2 b 229.5 b
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 55.0 b 36.5 a 391.3 b 259.5 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 63.7 a 35.6 ab 421.8 a 235.3 b
2014-2015
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 48.7 b 36.6 ab 313.7 abc 234.9 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 49.5 a 35.2 ab 336.2 a 239.5 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 48.2 b 35.0 ab 336.3 ab 242.5 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 43.1 c 33.8 b 288.3 cd 227.9 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 50.9 a 35.1 ab 306.9 bcd 213.7 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 48.5 bc 38.5 a 278.1 d 216.2 a
2年平均 Average of two years
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 50.3 c 35.0 ab 337.6 a 234.2 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 51.3 bc 34.6 ab 361.1 a 242.5 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 49.9 c 35.1 ab 348.8 a 244.8 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 49.0 c 33.7 b 333.3 a 228.7 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 53.0 b 35.8 ab 349.1 a 236.6 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 56.1 a 37.1 a 350.0 a 225.8 a

表4

氮磷肥配施对籽粒铁锌含量及积累量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 铁含量
Fe content (mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content (mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation (g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation (g hm-2)
2013-2014 N1P1 42.5 b 33.4 bc 282.4 c 222.0 bc
N2P1 60.1 a 39.2 a 454.2 a 296.1 a
N1P2 56.3 a 30.7 d 371.9 b 203.0 c
N2P2 61.2 a 35.5 b 425.9 ab 246.4 b
2014-2015 N1P1 39.3 b 31.9 b 219.0 c 177.2 b
N2P1 54.5 a 40.5 a 388.9 a 287.2 a
N1P2 46.5 ab 30.3 b 289.4 bc 187.9 b
N2P2 51.5 a 40.5 a 341.1 ab 264.0 a
2年平均 N1P1 40.9 c 32.7 b 250.0 c 199.6 c
Average N2P1 57.3 a 39.9 a 421.6 a 291.7 a
of two years N1P2 51.4 b 30.5 b 330.7 b 195.5 c
N2P2 56.4 ab 38.0 a 383.5 a 255.2 b

附表3

氮磷肥配施条件下小麦籽粒铁、锌含量和积累量及其生物有效性"

品种类型
Cultivar
type		 品种名称
Cultivar
name		 处理
Treatment		 铁含量
Fe content
(mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content
(mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation
(g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation
(g hm-2)		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
2013-2014
白粒 豫麦49-198 N1P1 38.13 b 27.26 d 226.7 b 162.0 c 33.96 a 55.13 a
White-grain Yumai 49-198 N2P1 57.12 a 40.43 a 463.3 a 327.9 a 28.92 b 47.43 ab
N1P2 56.15 a 31.29 cd 365.0 a 203.4 bc 26.63 bc 55.47 a
N2P2 56.31 a 34.58 b 391.0 a 240.1 b 24.02 c 45.40 b
郑麦366 N1P1 37.68 b 36.49 b 257.5 c 249.3 bc 34.36 a 41.19 c
Zhengmai 366 N2P1 58.90 a 38.90 a 476.1 a 314.4 a 25.52 bc 44.85 c
N1P2 52.88 a 27.43 d 354.0 bc 183.6 c 27.22 b 60.92 a
N2P2 62.42 a 33.03 c 456.0 ab 241.3 bc 23.62 c 51.80 b
红粒 扬麦15 N1P1 49.49 b 31.85 c 342.3 b 220.3 c 29.76 b 53.68 a
Red-grain Yangmai 15 N2P1 68.24 a 39.03 a 494.7 a 282.9 a 22.66 c 44.95 b
N1P2 43.45 b 32.49 c 288.5 b 215.7 c 32.70 a 50.76 a
N2P2 45.47 b 37.41 b 319.5 b 262.9 b 32.07 a 45.24 b
扬麦22 N1P1 40.94 b 31.32 c 265.0 c 202.7 b 30.24 a 45.90 b
Yangmai 22 N2P1 60.04 a 36.74 a 475.9 a 288.8 a 20.81 d 39.81 c
N1P2 58.85 a 27.92 d 415.2 ab 197.0 b 26.80 b 65.58 a
N2P2 59.19 a 37.94 a 356.8 b 228.7 b 25.39 bc 45.99 b
黑粒 周黑麦1号 N1P1 46.28 c 36.53 b 334.2 c 263.8 a 32.09 a 47.18 a
Black-grain Zhouheimai 1 N2P1 52.35 b 39.46 a 362.0 b 272.9 a 24.69 b 38.02 b
N1P2 55.69 b 35.58 bc 374.4 b 239.2 a 22.9 bc 41.60 ab
N2P2 60.55 a 34.23 c 498.9 a 260.5 a 19.21 c 42.70 ab
紫麦1号 N1P1 42.27 b 36.76 bc 268.9 c 233.8 ab 32.74 a 43.70 b
Zimai 1 N2P1 63.66 a 40.39 a 456.2 ab 289.5 a 21.73 b 39.76 bc
N1P2 71.04 a 29.28 c 434.1 b 178.9 b 18.99 bc 53.49 a
N2P2 77.98 a 35.84 bc 532.9 a 244.9 ab 16.29 c 41.15 b
品种类型
Cultivar
type		 品种名称
Cultivar
name		 处理
Treatment		 铁含量
Fe content
(mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content
(mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation
(g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation
(g hm-2)		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
2014-2015
白粒 豫麦49-198 N1P1 35.99 b 31.66 a 215.2 b 189.2 a 34.33 a 45.29 a
White-grain Yumai 49-198 N2P1 49.79 a 40.68 a 328.6 a 268.5 a 23.69 c 33.65 bc
N1P2 51.65 a 35.07 a 329.1 a 223.4 a 25.51 bc 43.61 a
N2P2 57.34 a 38.99 a 381.7 a 259.0 a 17.33 d 29.58 c
郑麦366 N1P1 40.12 b 29.16 a 231.4 b 168.6 b 32.38 a 51.71 a
Zhengmai 366 N2P1 54.13 ab 40.04 a 391.3 a 289.3 a 20.94 c 32.86 b
N1P2 48.11 ab 32.63 a 306.6 ab 208.0 ab 26.14 bc 44.73 ab
N2P2 55.48 a 38.93 a 415.3 a 291.2 a 20.08 d 33.22 b
红粒 扬麦15 N1P1 41.11 b 30.81 b 272.9 b 204.5 b 31.35 a 48.56 a
Red-grain Yangmai 15 N2P1 68.88 a 41.33 a 511.3 a 306.8 a 18.10 b 35.03 b
N1P2 46.92 ab 31.17 b 326.7 b 217.0 b 29.54 ba 51.63 a
N2P2 35.89 b 37.48 ab 234.5 b 244.9 ab 32.36 a 35.97 b
扬麦22 N1P1 38.03 b 31.43 b 218.0 c 180.2 b 32.61 a 45.81 a
Yangmai 22 N2P1 55.16 a 39.37 a 425.6 a 303.7 a 21.28 c 34.62 b
N1P2 39.06 b 29.19 b 240.2 b 179.5 b 31.88 a 49.53 a
N2P2 39.94 b 36.81 ab 269.6 b 248.4 ab 26.74 c 33.68 b
黑粒 周黑麦1号 N1P1 40.68 c 36.64 a 197.1 c 177.5 b 32.62 a 42.04 ab
Black-grain Zhouheimai 1 N2P1 50.24 b 38.53 a 339.7 ab 260.5 a 23.93 c 36.22 b
N1P2 52.62 b 27.68 b 319.8 b 168.2 b 23.74 b 52.37 a
N2P2 59.95 a 37.34 a 367.7 a 229.0 ab 18.04 c 33.63 b
紫麦1号 N1P1 42.01 c 31.75 c 181.5 b 144.0 b 31.89 a 46.65 a
Zimai 1 N2P1 48.98 b 42.81 b 336.7 a 294.3 a 21.48 c 28.52 b
N1P2 42.86 bc 26.0 8c 216.2 b 131.5 b 27.57 ab 52.60 a
N2P2 60.30 a 53.46 a 377.71 a 294.9 a 17.52 c 22.94 b

表5

不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌生物有效性"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 2014 2015 2年平均Average of two years
植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌PA/Zn
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 28.38 b 50.85 a 25.21 b 38.03 b 26.80 ab 44.44 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 27.68 b 49.68 ab 24.88 c 40.62 a 26.28 b 45.15 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 29.29 a 48.65 b 27.84 ab 42.79 a 28.57 a 45.72 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 25.81 b 49.32 ab 28.13 a 40.91 a 26.97 ab 45.12 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号Zhouheimai 1 24.72 c 42.37 d 24.58 b 41.06 a 24.65 c 41.72 b
紫麦1号Zimai 1 22.43 d 44.52 c 24.62 c 37.67 b 23.53 c 41.10 b

表6

氮磷肥配施对籽粒铁锌生物有效性的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2014 2015 2年平均Average of two years
植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
N1P1 32.19a 47.79 bc 32.53 a 46.67 b 32.36 a 47.23 a
N2P1 24.06 c 42.47d 21.72 c 33.48 c 22.89 c 37.98 b
N1P2 25.88 b 54.63 a 27.39 b 49.07 a 26.64 b 51.85 a
N2P2 23.73 c 45.38 cd 21.01 c 31.50 c 22.37 c 38.44 b
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