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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1517-1527.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01517

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同熟期夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性及其密度效应

万泽花,任佰朝,赵斌,刘鹏,董树亭,张吉旺()   

  1. 作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-30 接受日期:2018-07-20 出版日期:2018-10-10 网络出版日期:2018-07-31
  • 通讯作者: 张吉旺
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(SQ2017YFNC050063);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-18)

Grain Filling and Dehydration Characteristics of Summer Maize Hybrids Differing in Maturities and Effect of Plant Density

Ze-Hua WAN,Bai-Zhao REN,Bin ZHAO,Peng LIU,Shu-Ting DONG,Ji-Wang ZHANG()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-01-30 Accepted:2018-07-20 Published:2018-10-10 Published online:2018-07-31
  • Contact: Ji-Wang ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the State Key Research and Development Program “Food Production Enhancement and Efficiency Innovation” Key Special Project(SQ2017YFNC050063);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-18)

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摘要：

研究不同熟期夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性及种植密度的调控作用, 以期为黄淮海地区夏玉米籽粒机收提供科学依据。2016—2017年在山东农业大学玉米科技创新园, 种植早熟玉米品种登海518 (DH518)、衡早8号(HZ8)和中晚熟玉米品种郑单958 (ZD958)、登海605 (DH605), 设60 000、75 000、90 000株 hm -23个种植密度。结果表明, 早熟品种DH518、HZ8较中晚熟品种ZD958、DH605灌浆期短, 产量低。4个品种生理成熟时的籽粒含水率与其生育期相关性不显著, 早熟品种籽粒后期脱水速率快, DH518和HZ8从籽粒达最大含水量到生理成熟的脱水速率均值较ZD958和DH605两年分别高0.015% °C -1和0.014% °C -1。相关性分析显示, 籽粒脱水速率与灌浆速率相关性不显著, 生育后期籽粒含水率与茎鞘、叶片含水率呈显著正相关, 与苞叶、穗轴含水率呈极显著正相关。随种植密度的增加, 不同品种籽粒灌浆期缩短, 平均灌浆速率降低, 籽粒生理成熟时的含水率降低。合理增加种植密度能够显著提高不同熟期夏玉米品种的产量。

关键词: 夏玉米, 生育期, 籽粒灌浆, 籽粒脱水, 产量, 种植密度

Abstract:

Exploring grain-filling and dehydration characteristics of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities and the regulation function of plant density, could provide theoretical and technical reference for the mechanized grain harvest in The Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain region. A field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017, using early hybrids Denghai 518 (DH518), Hengzao 8 (HZ8) and middle-late hybrids Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Denghai 605 (DH605) with three plant densities of 60 000, 75 000, and 90 000 plants ha -1. The grain-filling duration was shorter and the yield was lower in early hybrids DH518, HZ8 than in middle-late hybrids ZD958, DH605. Grain moisture content of the four hybrids at physiological maturity had no significant correlation with their growth period duration. Compared with middle-late hybrids, grain dehydration rate of early hybrids at late growth stage was faster. In 2016 and 2017, mean value of grain dehydration rate from the date reaching maximum grain water content to physiological maturity of DH518 and HZ8 was 0.015% °C -1 and 0.014% °C -1 higher than that of ZD958 and DH605 respectively. The grain dehydration rate had no significant correlation with filling rate, the moisture content in grain at late growth stage was positively correlated with that in stem, sheath and leaf at P < 0.05, and with that in bract and cob at P < 0.01. With increasing plant density, grain-filling duration of different summer maize hybrids become shorter, average filling rate reduced, and grain moisture content at physiological maturity reduced. Reasonably increasing plant density could significantly improve the yield of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities.

Key words: summer maize, growth period, grain-filling, grain dehydration, yield, plant density

表1

不同熟期品种产量的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F-value
年份 Year (Y) 1 208668.484 208668.484 2.422
种植密度 Plant density (D) 2 61116365.83 30558182.91 354.66**
品种 Hybrid (H) 3 36514182.24 12171394.08 141.262**
Y×D 2 180020.645 90010.322 1.045
Y×H 3 3216329.267 1072109.756 12.443**
D×H 6 94103.282 15683.88 0.182
Y×D×H 6 221641.587 36940.264 0.429
误差 Error 48 4135772.023 86161.917
总变异 Total variation 72 10710000000

图1

不同熟期夏玉米品种的产量 标以不同小写字母的柱值达到0.05显著差异。DH518: 登海518; HZ8: 衡早8号; ZD958: 郑单958; DH605: 登海605。"

表2

不同熟期夏玉米品种的生育进程与有效积温"

品种
Hybrid		 播种期
Sowing
(M/D)		 吐丝期
R1
(M/D)		 完熟期
R6
(M/D)		 吐丝前天数
Days before
silking (d)		 吐丝前
有效积温
EATBS (°C)		 吐丝后天数
Days after
silking (d)		 吐丝后
有效积温
EATAS (°C)		 生育期
Total growth
period (d)		 总有效积温
TEAT (°C)
2016
DH518 6/11 7/28 9/23 47 810.4 58 916.6 105 1727.0
HZ8 6/11 7/29 9/20 48 829.9 54 863.1 102 1693.0
ZD958 6/11 7/31 10/2 50 871.1 64 951.2 114 1822.3
DH605 6/11 8/1 10/6 51 890.7 67 975.9 118 1866.6
2017
DH518 6/10 7/25 9/21 45 806.9 58 933.3 103 1740.1
HZ8 6/10 7/25 9/20 45 806.9 57 920.1 102 1727.0
ZD958 6/10 7/30 9/30 50 890.5 62 963.2 112 1853.7
DH605 6/10 7/31 10/1 51 904.6 62 955.8 113 1860.5

表3

不同熟期夏玉米品种的籽粒灌浆速率"

品种
Hybrid		 种植密度
Plant density
(plants hm-2)		 灌浆期有效积温
EATFP (°C)		 生理成熟期百粒重
100-KDWPM (g)		 平均灌浆速率
Average filling
rate (g °C-1)		 籽粒最大
含水率的百粒重
100-KDWMWC (g)		 籽粒最大含水率
到成熟的灌浆速率
FRMWCM (g °C-1 )
2016
DH518 60000 921.5 32.72 b 0.036 a 12.93 0.041
75000 916.6 30.05 de 0.033 bc 11.58 0.037
90000 916.6 29.23 ef 0.032 bc 10.34 0.038
HZ8 60000 863.1 27.87 fg 0.032 bc 11.98 0.034
75000 863.1 27.45 g 0.032 bc 11.60 0.034
90000 873.2 27.68 fg 0.032 bc 10.03 0.037
ZD958 60000 951.2 32.01 bc 0.034 b 19.51 0.033
75000 951.2 31.02 cd 0.033 bc 17.83 0.035
90000 943.4 29.57 de 0.031 c 15.33 0.037
DH605 60000 986.8 35.76 a 0.036 a 18.86 0.041
75000 975.9 35.42 a 0.036 a 17.17 0.043
90000 959.7 34.89 a 0.036 a 16.91 0.043
2017
DH518 60000 933.3 32.01 d 0.034 e 13.30 0.040
75000 933.3 30.86 def 0.033 e 12.20 0.040
90000 927.7 31.35 de 0.034 e 12.00 0.040
HZ8 60000 920.1 30.56 ef 0.033 e 12.98 0.039
75000 920.1 29.11 g 0.032 f 12.53 0.036
90000 895.0 29.69 fg 0.033 e 13.10 0.035
ZD958 60000 963.2 36.95 ab 0.038 bc 20.90 0.038
75000 963.2 34.88 c 0.036 d 20.60 0.034
90000 955.8 32.15 d 0.034 e 17.70 0.034
DH605 60000 970.0 38.21 a 0.039 ab 21.70 0.039
75000 955.8 38.12 a 0.040 a 20.80 0.041
90000 962.6 36.03 bc 0.037 cd 18.10 0.041

表4

生理成熟期籽粒含水率方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F-value
年份 Year (Y) 1 84.338 84.338 94.462**
种植密度 Plant density (D) 2 23.157 11.579 12.969**
品种 Hybrid (H) 3 71.678 23.893 26.761**
Y×D 2 1.649 0.825 0.924
Y×H 3 23.903 7.968 8.924**
D×H 6 9.189 1.532 1.715
Y×D×H 6 14.450 2.408 2.698*
误差 Error 48 42.855 0.893
总变异 Total variation 72 57686.247

图2

不同熟期夏玉米品种生理成熟时的籽粒含水率 标以不同小写字母的柱值达到0.05显著差异。DH518: 登海518; HZ8: 衡早8号; ZD958: 郑单958; DH605: 登海605。"

表5

不同熟期夏玉米品种的籽粒脱水速率"

品种
Hybrid		 种植密度
Plant density
(plants hm-2)		 吐丝后
有效积温
EATAS (°C)		 吐丝到籽粒最大含水量时的有效积温
EATSMGWC (°C)		 籽粒最大含水量
时的含水率
GMCMWC (%)		 生理成熟时的
籽粒含水率
GMCPM (%)		 籽粒最大含水率时到
成熟时的脱水速率
DRMGWCPM (% °C-1)		 总脱水速率
TDR
(% °C-1)
2016
DH518 60000 921.5 437.3 60.7 30.1 0.063 b 0.065 b
75000 916.6 419.2 59.8 29.5 0.061 bc 0.066 b
90000 916.6 419.2 59.9 29.3 0.062 bc 0.066 b
HZ8 60000 863.1 399.7 59.1 27.4 0.068 a 0.073 a
75000 863.1 399.7 60.6 27.2 0.072 a 0.073 a
90000 873.2 399.7 60.1 26.8 0.070 a 0.072 a
ZD958 60000 951.2 574.0 49.6 31.1 0.049 fg 0.062 cd
75000 951.2 574.0 48.6 30.4 0.048 g 0.063 cd
90000 943.4 554.1 50.5 31.0 0.050 fg 0.063 cd
DH605 60000 986.8 574.0 53.5 31.6 0.053 ef 0.059 e
75000 975.9 554.4 52.5 29.1 0.056 de 0.062 d
90000 959.7 538.2 52.7 28.4 0.058 cd 0.064 bc
2017
DH518 60000 933.3 463.6 58.6 27.9 0.065 b 0.067 d
75000 933.3 463.6 59.7 28.2 0.067 bc 0.066 de
90000 927.7 444.0 58.9 25.9 0.068 bc 0.069 b
HZ8 60000 920.1 463.6 58.5 28.1 0.067 bc 0.067 cd
75000 920.1 463.6 58.8 26.9 0.070 a 0.069 bc
90000 895.0 425.4 56.9 25.2 0.067 bc 0.072 a
ZD958 60000 963.2 544.3 50.8 29.6 0.051 e 0.063 g
75000 963.2 544.3 49.0 27.5 0.051 e 0.065 ef
90000 955.8 530.2 48.5 28.5 0.047 f 0.064 f
DH605 60000 970.0 544.3 50.5 26.1 0.057 d 0.066 def
75000 955.8 530.2 50.8 26.3 0.058 d 0.067 d
90000 962.6 530.2 50.0 25.7 0.056 d 0.067 d

表6

籽粒脱水与灌浆参数相关分析(2016-2017)"

灌浆期
有效积温
EATFP (°C)		 总脱水速率
TDR
(% °C-1)		 籽粒最大含水率到成熟的脱水速率
DRDRMGWCPM
(% °C-1)		 籽粒最大含水率到成熟的灌浆速率
FRDRMGWCPM
(g °C-1)		 平均灌浆速率
Average filling rate
(g °C-1)		 生理成熟期
百粒重
100-KDWPM (g)
灌浆期有效积温EATFP (°C) 1 -0.895** -0.784* 0.505 0.637 0.817*
总脱水速率TDR (% °C-1) 1 0.842** -0.402 -0.356 -0.555
籽粒最大含水率到成熟的脱水速率
DRDRMGWCPM (% °C-1)		 1 -0.024 -0.466 -0.600
籽粒最大含水率到成熟的灌浆速率
FRDRMGWCPM (g °C-1)		 1 0.554 0.586
平均灌浆速率
Average filling rate (g °C-1)		 1 0.962**
生理成熟期百粒重100-KDWPM (g) 1

表7

75 000株 hm-2条件下花后25 d到成熟籽粒与其他器官含水率变化相关性分析"

年份
Year		 品种
Hybrid		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 苞叶
Bract		 穗轴
Cob
2016 DH518 0.904* 0.961** 0.985** 0.959**
HZ8 -0.285 0.844 0.854 0.763
ZD958 0.918* 0.933* 0.996** 0.977**
DH605 0.868* 0.874* 0.936** 0.901**
2017 DH518 0.968** 0.806* 0.923** 0.877**
HZ8 0.786* 0.845* 0.947** 0.944**
ZD958 0.777* 0.799* 0.969** 0.990**
DH605 0.908* 0.869** 0.970** 0.922**
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