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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 3166-3178.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13078

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮肥水平下丛枝菌根真菌对玉米籽粒灌浆期磷和钾吸收的影响

田明慧(), 杨硕, 杜嘉琪, 张晨曦, 何堂庆, 张学林()   

  1. 河南农业大学农学院 / 省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室 / 作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室, 河南郑州 450046
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-16 接受日期:2022-05-05 出版日期:2022-12-12 网络出版日期:2022-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 张学林
  • 作者简介:E-mail: TMH613@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省自然科学基金项目(182300410013);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200605);河南农业大学科技创新基金(30500712)

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on phosphorus and potassium absorption at grain filling stage under different nitrogen fertilizer input in maize

TIAN Ming-Hui(), YANG Shuo, DU Jia-Qi, ZHANG Chen-Xi, HE Tang-Qing, ZHANG Xue-Lin()   

  1. Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • Received:2021-09-16 Accepted:2022-05-05 Published:2022-12-12 Published online:2022-05-12
  • Contact: ZHANG Xue-Lin
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(182300410013);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200605);Science and technology innovation fund of Henan Agricultural University(30500712)

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摘要：

明确不同氮肥水平下丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF)对灌浆期玉米籽粒磷、钾吸收的影响, 为农田合理配施生物肥料、提高养分吸收利用提供理论依据。2020年6月至10月夏玉米生育期, 在郑州与商丘2个试验点设置氮肥用量(N1: 180 kg N hm-2; N2: 270 kg N hm-2)和丛枝菌根真菌(M0: 不接种AMF菌剂; M1: 接种AMF菌剂)双因素试验, 测定玉米灌浆期籽粒粒重、植株生物量、根系特性、植株磷和钾含量及其累积量。结果表明, 2个试验点氮肥用量和AMF均显著影响灌浆期玉米籽粒百粒重、灌浆速率、根系特性和植株各器官磷、钾含量及其累积量。其中, 籽粒磷累积量随着灌浆期呈逐渐增加趋势, 钾累积量呈先增加后降低趋势。与N1相比, N2处理百粒重和灌浆速率均值分别增加8.4%和7.8%; 磷累积量和钾累积量平均增加58%和79%。与M0相比, 郑州和商丘2个试验点不同氮肥条件下M1处理的籽粒百粒重、灌浆速率、籽粒磷累积量和钾累积量均显著提高, 其中在商丘试验点的促进作用更大。2个试验点低氮和高氮条件下, 接种AMF均能提高根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径和根尖数。本研究表明, 在不同氮肥条件下玉米生育期接种丛枝菌根真菌均能够提高灌浆速率、改善根系吸收能力, 增加灌浆期玉米磷、钾累积量, 其中在低养分地区和低氮条件下的促进作用更大。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 灌浆期, 氮肥用量, 养分吸收, 根系特性

Abstract:

Understanding the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on maize grain phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) absorption at grain filling stage with nitrogen (N) fertilizer input could provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of biological fertilizers in farmland and the improvement of nutrient uptake and utilization in farmland. Two factorial pot experiments were established during maize growth periods in Zhengzhou and Shangqiu. The two factors were N fertilizer rates (N1: 180 kg N hm-2; N2: 270 kg N hm-2), and mycorrhizae treatments (M0: no AMF inoculation; M1: AMF inoculation). Maize grain weight, plant biomass, root characteristics, plant P and K content and their accumulation were measured. Both N fertilizer rates and mycorrhizae significantly affected maize 100-kernel weight, grain-filling rate, root characteristics, plant P and K content, and their accumulation in Zhengzhou and Shangqiu, respectively. Grain P accumulation increased gradually at grain filling stage, while grain K accumulation increased first and then decreased. Compared with N1, 100-kernel weight and grain-filling rates for N2 treatment increased by 8.4% and 7.8%, and 58% and 79% for grain P and K accumulation in maize, respectively. Compared with M0 in maize, the presence of M1 in Zhengzhou and Shangqiu significantly increased 100-kernel weight, grain filling rates, grain P accumulation, and K accumulation under two N fertilizer conditions and the increases were higher in Shangqiu than Zhengzhou. Compared with M0, the presence of AMF for M1 treatment increased root length, root surface area, root volume, root diameter, and the number of root tips under the conditions of N1 or N2 input in both Zhengzhou and Shangqiu, respectively. In conclusion, the study showed that the presence of AMF could increase gain P and K accumulation and improve root absorption capacity, and increase the accumulation of P and K at maize grain filling stage, especially in lower nutrient area and lower nitrogen condition.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, grain filling stage, nitrogen fertilizer rate, nutrient absorption, root characteristics

表1

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对玉米灌浆期植株生物量及其磷、钾累积量和根系侵染率影响的方差分析"

植株性状
Plant trait		 氮肥用量
N fertilizer rate (N)		 丛枝菌根真菌
Mycorrhizae (M)		 氮肥用量×丛枝菌根真菌
N × M
郑州Zhengzhou 商丘Shangqiu 郑州Zhengzhou 商丘
Shangqiu		 郑州Zhengzhou 商丘Shangqiu
生物量Biomass (g plant-1)
籽粒 Grain 93.3*** 1500.9*** 27.6*** 227.5*** 1.8 6.1*
叶 Leaf 249.1*** 131.3*** 26.1*** 69.2*** 0 8.4*
茎 Stem 403.8*** 0.9 98.6*** 190.8*** 1.1 30.9***
根 Root 181.7*** 85.7*** 25.7*** 47.7*** 4.4 0.4
磷累积量P accumulation (mg plant-1)
籽粒 Grain 66.4*** 145.4*** 41.0** 26.3*** 3.8 0
叶 Leaf 11.0** 3.9 8.2* 20.8** 0.2 1.4
茎 Stem 2.8 5.6* 8.1* 3.6 0.2 0.3
根 Root 7.3* 4.3 2.9 19.3** 0 3.9
钾累积量K accumulation (mg plant-1)
籽粒 Grain 179.1*** 234.7*** 68.3*** 47.4*** 1.6 0.7
叶 Leaf 116.0*** 81.8*** 26.5*** 44.7*** 4.6 0
茎 Stem 52.5*** 71.7*** 10.3** 19.0** 0.1 0.2
根 Root 70.5*** 272.0*** 9.1* 67.0*** 1.4 2.9
根系侵染率 Root colonization (%) 0.1 83.8*** 542.5*** 84,067.1*** 0 44.3***

图1

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州试验点玉米根系侵染率的影响 A、B、C、D分别代表N1M0、N2M0、N1M1、N2M1处理根系侵染率。N1、N2分别代表180 kg N km-2和270 kg N km-2水平; M0、M1分别代表不接种AMF处理和接种AMF处理。"

表2

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州和商丘玉米根系特性的影响"

地点
Location		 取样时间
Sampling time		 处理
Treatment		 根系侵染率
Root colonization
(%)		 根长
Root length
(cm plant-1)		 根表面
Root surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 根体积
Root volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 根直径
Root diameter
(mm plant-1)		 根尖数
Root tips
郑州
Zhengzhou		 R1 N1M0 — 32,512±73 b 7920±14 c 113.6±0.5 a 0.70±0.001 a 138,719±400 c
N1M1 — 31,131±191 c 8750±11 a 106.6±0.1 b 0.67±0.002 b 145,387±319 b
N2M0 — 29,230±192 d 7976±26 c 101.3±0.2 c 0.68±0.002 b 135,043±204 d
N2M1 — 34,560±229 a 8644±29 b 106.8±0.1 b 0.71±0.003 a 156,511±113 a
R5 N1M0 5.1±2.5 c 54,224±311 c 7973±18 d 95.7±0.1 d 0.51±0.003 c 137,150±152 c
N1M1 95.3±2.1 a 57,440±228 b 8508±34 c 99.2±0.3 c 0.55±0.005 b 139,509±679 c
N2M0 14.3±2.3 b 58,024±434 b 10,795±50 b 131.8±0.4 b 0.54±0.002 b 201,404±2982 a
N2M1 91.0±2.8 a 60,563±64 a 11,649±15 a 140.3±0.3 a 0.58±0.005 a 184,768±1664 b
商丘
Shangqiu		 R1 N1M0 — 37,610±71 b 7075±8 c 93.6±0.3 a 0.57±0.004 a 100,900±426 c
N1M1 — 37,983±101 c 7248±11 a 91.4±0.2 b 0.56±0.002 b 117,597±596 b
N2M0 — 32,810±295 d 5906±22 c 87.8±0.4 c 0.59±0.001 b 87,988±292 d
N2M1 — 34,006±299 a 6348±28 b 98.6±0.1 b 0.61±0.003 a 100,642±26 a
R5 N1M0 12.1±4 b 26,072±165 c 5021±21 d 79.8±0.2 d 0.63±0.001 c 80,854±757 c
N1M1 85.0±4.6 a 32,894±138 b 6278±10 c 99.1±0.2 c 0.63±0.007 b 106,007±690 c
N2M0 22.3±3.6 b 32,037±144 b 6081±29 b 96.3±0.7 b 0.63±0.003 b 103,627±796 a
N2M1 79.1±3.9 a 33,328±185 a 6241±21 a 103.5±1.0 a 0.66±0.007 a 92,706±148 b

图2

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州(A和C)和商丘(B和D)玉米灌浆期百粒重和灌浆速率的影响 处理同图1。"

图3

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州(A、C、E和G)和商丘(B、D、F和H)玉米灌浆期籽粒磷、钾含量及其累积量的影响 处理同图1。"

图4

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州(A、C和E)和商丘(B、D和F)玉米灌浆期根、茎、叶磷含量的影响 处理同图1。"

图5

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州(A、C和E)和商丘(B、D和F)玉米灌浆期根、茎、叶磷累积量的影响 处理同图1。"

图6

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州(A、C和E)和商丘(B、D和F)玉米灌浆期根、茎、叶钾含量的影响 处理同图1。"

图7

氮肥用量和丛枝菌根真菌对郑州(A、C和E)和商丘(B、D和F)玉米灌浆期根、茎、叶钾累积量的影响 处理同图1。"

表3

玉米籽粒粒重、籽粒磷和钾累积量与百粒重、灌浆速率、根系侵染率及根系特性的皮尔逊相关系数"

器官
Plant organ		 参数
Parameter		 粒重
Grain weight
(g plant-1)		 籽粒磷累积量
Grain P accumulation
(mg plant-1)		 籽粒钾累积量
Grain K accumulation (mg plant-1)
郑州
Zhengzhou		 商丘
Shangqiu		 郑州
Zhengzhou		 商丘
Shangqiu		 郑州
Zhengzhou		 商丘
Shangqiu
籽粒Grain 百粒重 100-grain weight (g) 0.946** 0.637** 0.917** 0.638** 0.965** 0.661**
灌浆速率 Grain-filling rate (g d-1 100-kernel-1) 0.808** 0.683** 0.727** 0.685** 0.811** 0.695**
根系Root 侵染率 Root colonization (%) 0.445 0.388 0.586* 0.406 0.513* 0.428
根长Length (cm plant-1) 0.797** 0.096 0.877** 0.137 0.825** 0.143
根表面积Surface area (cm2 plant-1) 0.977** -0.115 0.938** -0.074 0.962** -0.066
根直径Diameter (mm plant-1) 0.909** 0.794** 0.832** 0.792** 0.894** 0.811**
根体积 Volume (cm3 plant-1) 0.895** 0.815** 0.927** 0.825** 0.854** 0.845**
根尖数Tips 0.876** -0.126 0.792** -0.055 0.880** -0.073
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