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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 942-951.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14045

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响

李瑞东1(), 尹阳阳1, 宋雯雯2, 武婷婷2, 孙石2, 韩天富2, 徐彩龙2,*(), 吴存祥2,*(), 胡水秀1,*()   

  1. 1江西农业大学农学院 / 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室 / 江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室 / 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 江西南昌 330045
    2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 国家大豆产业技术研发中心, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-18 接受日期:2021-07-12 出版日期:2022-04-12 网络出版日期:2021-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 徐彩龙,吴存祥,胡水秀
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 18511755808@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目资助(2020YFD1000903)

Effects of close planting densities on assimilate accumulation and yield of soybean with different plant branching types

LI Rui-Dong1(), YIN Yang-Yang1, SONG Wen-Wen2, WU Ting-Ting2, SUN Shi2, HAN Tian-Fu2, XU Cai-Long2,*(), WU Cun-Xiang2,*(), HU Shui-Xiu1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education / Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding / Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Soybean Industrial Technology R & D Center, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2021-03-18 Accepted:2021-07-12 Published:2022-04-12 Published online:2021-07-27
  • Contact: XU Cai-Long,WU Cun-Xiang,HU Shui-Xiu
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000903)

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摘要：

试验于2018—2019年进行, 选择2种不同分枝类型的品种(中作XA12938和中黄13)为供试材料, 设置13.5×104 (D1)、18.0×104 (D2)、22.5×104 (D3)、27.0×104 (D4)、31.5×104 (D5)和36.0×104株 hm-2 (D6) 6个种植密度, 研究增密种植对不同分枝类型品种叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累及分配、产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明, 随种植密度的提高, 大豆LAI进入高值(>4)的时期提前, 中作XA12938和中黄13分别从出苗后47.0 d和54.6 d (D1)提前至31.0 d和32.9 d (D6)。与中黄13相比, 中作XA12938LAI高值持续期长且中后期降幅小。不同品种处理间干物质随密度的增加程度存在差异, 结荚期中作XA12938和中黄13高密处理(D6)干重较低密处理(D1)干重分别提高77.53%和51.21%。随密度的提升, 成熟期生殖器官干物质占比呈先增加后降低的趋势。产量随种植密度增加总体呈先增加后趋平的趋势, 中作XA12938的最高产量出现在D5 (5000.45 kg hm-2)处理, 继续增加种植密度产量较稳定, 中黄13两年最高产量分别出现在D4 (4477.90 kg hm-2)和D5 (3935.30 kg hm-2)处理, 继续增加种植密度产量逐渐降低, 中作XA12938的平均产量较中黄13产量显著提高22.37%。灰色关联度分析发现, 中作XA12938植株高度和单位面积有效荚数与产量密切相关, 而中黄13的单位面积有效粒数和重心高度与产量的关联度较高。适度增密可提高大豆LAI并延长其高值持续期、促进干物质积累、增加生殖器官的占比、提高大豆产量。在生产中可选用分枝调节能力较强品种, 通过适当增加种植密度, 从而提高产量, 增加效益。

关键词: 大豆, 分枝类型, 种植密度, 同化物积累, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of planting density on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield components of different varieties, field experiments were conducted using two soybean varieties with different branching types (Zhongzuo XA12938, a main stem type variety; Zhonghuang 13, a branched type variety) under six planting densities (D1: 13.5×104 plants hm-2; D2: 18.0×104 plants hm-2; D3: 22.5×104 plants hm-2; D4: 27.0×104 plants hm-2; D5: 31.5×104 plants hm-2; D6: 36.0×104 plants hm-2). The results showed that as planting densities increased, soybean LAI reached the highest values (>4) earlier, from 47.0 d and 54.6 d (D1) to 31.0 d and 32.9 d (D6) after seedling emergence for Zhongzuo XA12938 and Zhonghuang 13, respectively. Compared to Zhonghuang 13, the high LAI values in Zhongzuo XA12938 lasted longer and decreased less at the middle and late stages. The degree of increase in dry matter with density varied between treatments. At podding stage, dry weight increased by 77.53% and 51.21% in the high-density treatment (D6) compared to the low-density treatment (D1) for Zhongzuo XA12938 and Zhonghuang 13, respectively. The percentage of dry matter in reproductive organs at maturity stage increased and then decreased with increasing density. The highest yields were achieved under D5 (5000.45 kg hm-2) treatment and remained stable at increasing densities for Zhongzuo XA12938. The highest yields for both years were achieved under D4 (4477.90 kg hm-2) and D5 (3935.30 kg hm-2) treatments for Zhonghuang 13. The average yield of Zhongzuo XA12938 was significantly higher by 22.37% than that of Zhonghuang 13. Grey correlation analysis revealed that plant height and effective pods per unit area were closely related to yield in Zhongzuo XA12938, while effective grains per unit area and height of centre of gravity were more highly correlated with yield in Zhonghuang 13. Zhongzuo XA12938 moderate increase in density can increase the LAI and prolong the duration of its high value, promote dry matter accumulation, increase the proportion of reproductive organs, and improve the yield in soybean. Varieties with strong meristem regulation can be used to improve yields and increase benefits by appropriately increasing planting density in production.

Key words: soybean, plant types, planting density, assimilate accumulation, yield

表1

种植密度对不同分枝类型大豆产量及其构成的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 单株粒数
Seeds
per plant		 单位面积粒数
Seeds per m2		 单株荚数
Pods
per plant		 单位面积荚数
Pods per m2		 百粒重
100-seed weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
2018 中作XA12938
Zhongzuo XA12938		 D1 200.1 a 2700.4 c 88.0 a 1187.7 b 16.7 c 3548.3 c
D2 170.0 b 3057.6 bc 74.8 b 1345.0 ab 16.6 c 3925.1 bc
D3 162.2 b 3646.6 a 70.0 b 1563.0 a 17.0 bc 4136.6 b
D4 120.8 c 3260.0 ab 51.5 c 1389.8 ab 17.1 ab 4367.6 ab
D5 106.5 cd 3352.0 ab 44.7 cd 1407.3 ab 17.3 a 5071.5 a
D6 86.3 d 3106.4 bc 37.0 d 1331.3 ab 17.1 ab 4996.9 a
中黄13
Zhonghuang 13		 D1 119.0 a 1607.4 d 54.1 a 730.6 d 21.1 d 2592.1 e
D2 116.0 a 2086.2 c 52.7 a 948.3 c 21.4 cd 3345.5 d
D3 114.7 a 2581.5 ab 52.2 a 1173.4 ab 22.0 bcd 4185.1 b
D4 102.5 b 2766.6 a 46.6 b 1257.5 a 22.5 abc 4477.9 a
D5 79.4 c 2501.1 ab 36.1 c 1136.9 ab 22.9 ab 4013.8 c
D6 67.9 c 2444.4 b 30.9 c 1111.1 b 23.7 a 3964.4 c
2019 中作XA12938
Zhongzuo XA12938		 D1 221.3 a 2986.7 b 79.0 a 1066.7 b 15.8 c 3406.2 e
D2 184.5 b 3320.8 b 67.1 b 1207.6 b 16.4 b 3920.1 d
D3 171.3 b 3852.9 a 63.4 b 1427.0 a 16.4 b 4431.1 c
D4 147.0 c 3968.8 a 55.9 c 1509.1 a 16.8 a 4735.4 bc
D5 118.0 d 3716.8 a 45.2 d 1424.1 a 17.0 a 4929.4 ab
D6 105.5 d 3797.8 a 42.2 d 1519.1 a 17.1 a 5200.3 a
中黄13
Zhonghuang 13		 D1 115.8 a 1562.5 d 46.3 a 625.0 e 25.6 c 2664.2 d
D2 108.0 b 1943.9 c 44.4 ab 800.0 d 26.3 b 2995.1 cd
D3 103.5 b 2328.6 b 45.0 a 1012.4 c 26.4 b 3294.0 bc
D4 94.3 c 2544.6 ab 43.0 ab 1161.9 b 27.1 a 3680.0 ab
D5 81.8 d 2575.0 a 41.3 b 1300.5 a 27.2 a 3894.5 a
D6 65.3 e 2348.9 ab 34.3 c 1236.3 ab 27.5 a 3935.3 a
年份Year (Y) *** *** *** ** *** ns
品种Cultivar (C) *** *** *** *** *** ***
密度Density (D) *** *** *** *** *** ***
Y × C *** *** ns ns ns ***
Y × D ** *** *** *** *** ***
C × D *** *** *** *** *** ***
Y × C × D ** *** ** *** ns ***

图1

增密种植不同分枝类型品种各生育时期大豆叶面积指数 A: 中作XA12938; B: 中黄13; V3: 第3片三出复叶展开; R1: 开花期; R3: 结荚期; R5: 鼓粒期; R7: 成熟期; R8: 完熟期。柱上不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。"

表2

不同分枝类型大豆增密种植叶面积高值持续时期变化"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 回归方程
Regression equation		 R2 叶面积指数为4的起始天数
(距离出苗日期)
Starting days with leaf area index of
4 from seedling emergence date (d)		 叶面积指数大于4的天数
Days with leaf area index higher than 4 (d)
中作XA12938
Zhongzuo XA12938		 D1 y= -0.0026x2+0.321x-5.341 0.992 46.9662 76.4954 29.53
D2 y= -0.0032x2+0.384x-6.208 0.992 39.6569 80.4368 40.78
D3 y= -0.0033x2+0.405x-6.434 0.986 36.7681 85.9894 49.22
D4 y= -0.0044x2+0.517x-8.405 0.986 33.6378 83.8168 50.18
D5 y= -0.0048x2+0.568x-9.262 0.992 31.9555 86.4612 54.51
D6 y= -0.0054x2+0.634x-10.481 0.988 31.0431 86.3828 55.34
中黄13
Zhonghuang 13		 D1 y= -0.0024x2+0.307x-5.601 0.863 54.5767 73.2983 18.72
D2 y= -0.0026x2+0.327x-5.698 0.927 47.9622 77.7686 29.81
D3 y= -0.0029x2+0.358x-6.089 0.953 43.3327 80.2880 36.96
D4 y= -0.0033x2+0.409x-6.813 0.960 38.2797 85.5990 47.32
D5 y= -0.0038x2+0.452x-7.244 0.982 35.3915 83.6085 48.22
D6 y= -0.0043x2+0.520x-8.445 0.968 32.8645 88.0658 55.20

图2

种植密度不同分枝类型大豆品种各生育时期大豆干物质积累的影响 A: 中作XA12938; B: 中黄13; V3: 第3片三出复叶展开; R1: 开花期; R3: 结荚期; R5: 鼓粒期; R7: 成熟期; R8: 完熟期。柱上不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。"

表3

增密种植不同分枝类型大豆成熟期干物质分配"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 叶重
Leaf weight		 叶柄重
Petiole weight		 茎重
Stem weight		 荚皮重
Pod weight		 籽粒重
Seed weight
中作XA12938 D1 0.24±0.001 a 0.09±0.007 a 0.16±0.006 b 0.22±0.006 a 0.29±0.017 c
Zhongzuo XA12938 D2 0.23±0.010 ab 0.08±0.007 ab 0.17±0.009 b 0.23±0.017 a 0.30±0.009 bc
D3 0.20±0.003 bc 0.08±0.008 ab 0.17±0.011 b 0.23±0.049 a 0.32±0.041 bc
D4 0.18±0.010 cd 0.07±0.006 ab 0.18±0.006 ab 0.21±0.006 a 0.36±0.015 ab
D5 0.15±0.013 d 0.06±0.002 ab 0.18±0.004 ab 0.20±0.007 a 0.40±0.014 a
D6 0.16±0.013 d 0.06±0.010 b 0.20±0.010 a 0.22±0.015 a 0.36±0.005 ab
中黄13 D1 0.24±0.014 a 0.12±0.013 a 0.17±0.005 b 0.21±0.009 a 0.27±0.022 c
Zhonghuang 13 D2 0.19±0.009 b 0.10±0.002 a 0.17±0.004 b 0.23±0.008 a 0.31±0.002 bc
D3 0.15±0.013 c 0.10±0.003 a 0.17±0.013 b 0.24±0.030 a 0.34±0.016 ab
D4 0.13±0.003 c 0.09±0.005 a 0.17±0.005 b 0.24±0.004 a 0.37±0.009 a
D5 0.15±0.008 c 0.11±0.013 a 0.18±0.008 ab 0.25±0.015 a 0.31±0.018 bc
D6 0.14±0.007 c 0.11±0.007 a 0.21±0.015 a 0.25±0.002 a 0.30±0.005 bc

表4

增密种植不同分枝类型大豆农艺性状与产量间灰色关联度分析"

性状
Trait		 中作XA12938 Zhongzuo XA12938 中黄13 Zhonghuang 13
关联度
Correlation degree		 关联度排序
Relevance ranking		 关联度
Correlation degree		 关联度排序
Relevance ranking
单位面积有效荚数Effective pods per m2 0.8545 2 0.8163 6
单位面积有效粒数Effective seeds per m2 0.8311 4 0.8556 1
百粒重Hundred-seed weight (g) 0.8200 5 0.8262 5
重心Plant center of gravity 0.8441 3 0.8509 2
株高Plant height 0.8618 1 0.8496 3
分枝数Branch number 0.5473 7 0.5052 7
成熟期干物质重Dry matter weight at maturity 0.8198 6 0.8383 4
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