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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1800-1812.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14085

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于耐低氮综合指数的棉花苗期耐低氮品种筛选

祝令晓1(), 宋世佳2, 李浩然1, 孙红春1, 张永江1, 白志英1, 张科1, 李安昌1, 刘连涛1,*(), 李存东1,*()   

  1. 1河北农业大学农学院 / 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室 / 河北省作物生长调控实验室, 河北保定 071001
    2河北省农林科学院, 河北石家庄 050031
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-12 接受日期:2021-09-09 出版日期:2022-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘连涛,李存东
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 574740516@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室开放课题和国家自然科学基金项目(31871569)

Screening of low nitrogen tolerant cultivars based on low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index at seeding stage in cotton

ZHU Ling-Xiao1(), SONG Shi-Jia2, LI Hao-Ran1, SUN Hong-Chun1, ZHANG Yong-Jiang1, BAI Zhi-Ying1, ZHANG Ke1, LI An-Chang1, LIU Lian-Tao1,*(), LI Cun-Dong1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    2Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
  • Received:2021-05-12 Accepted:2021-09-09 Published:2022-07-12 Published online:2021-10-19
  • Contact: LIU Lian-Tao,LI Cun-Dong
  • Supported by:
    State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871569)

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摘要：

在棉花生产中, 氮肥的过量施用, 不仅增加了生产成本, 还造成了氮肥的大量流失, 对环境造成了破坏。筛选耐低氮棉花品种是解决该问题的有效途径之一。本研究以21个在我国各大棉区主栽的棉花品种为试验材料, 采用苗期土培的方式, 设置正常氮(138 mg kg-1)和低氮(0 mg N kg-1) 2个处理, 测定了23个农艺性状, 采用主成分分析、模糊隶属函数、聚类分析、相关性分析评价各品种的耐低氮能力。结果表明, 所测定的大部分性状的变异系数均大于10%, 说明所选择品种具有很好的代表性。根据主成分分析和相关性分析得出作为棉花低氮耐受性评价的7个性状, 分别为根长、根表面积、根体积、地上部干重、总干重、实际光化学效率、最大光化学效率。根据耐低氮综合指数, 筛选出鲁无403、新海12号、中棉所64号、新陆早23号4个耐低氮品种, 丰抗棉1号、TM-1、农大棉601、中棉所35、新陆早53号5个低氮敏感型品种。4个耐低氮品种的耐低氮综合指数介于0.5723~0.6818, 而5个低氮敏感型品种的耐低氮综合指数介于0.2914~0.3962。本研究提出的基于耐低氮综合指数的筛选方法, 为作物耐低氮品种的筛选提供了新的借鉴。

关键词: 棉花, 低氮耐受性, 评价指标, 综合评价, 耐低氮综合指数, 筛选

Abstract:

In cotton production, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers leads to the increasing cost of agricultural production and a large amount of nitrogen loss, causing damage to the environment. Screening cotton cultivars with low nitrogen tolerance is one of the most effective approaches to solve this problem. In this study, 21 cotton cultivars mainly planted in cotton regions were used as the experimental materials, and 23 agronomic traits were measured. The low nitrogen tolerance was evaluated by means of principal component analysis, the fuzzy membership function, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis under normal nitrogen treatment (N 138 mg kg-1) and low nitrogen treatment (N 0 g kg-1) using soil culture experiment at seeding stage. The results showed that the coefficient variation of most indexes were greater than 10%, which indicated that the selected varieties had good representativeness. Based on principal component analysis and correlation analysis, seven traits including root length, root surface area, root volume, shoot dry weight, total dry weight, actual photochemical efficiency, and maximum photochemical efficiency were used as evaluating indices for low nitrogen tolerance of cotton cultivars. Based on the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index, four low nitrogen tolerance cultivars (Luwu 403, Xinhai 12, Zhongmiansuo 64, and Xinluzao 23) and five low nitrogen sensitive cultivars (Fengkangmian 1, TM-1, Nongda 601, Zhongmiansuo 35, and Xinluzao 53) were screened out. The low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index of the four low nitrogen tolerance cultivars ranged from 0.5723 to 0.6817, while the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index of five low nitrogen sensitive cultivars ranged from 0.2914 to 0.3962. In summary, the screening method based on the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index provided a new reference for the selection of crop cultivars with low nitrogen tolerance.

Key words: cotton, low nitrogen tolerance, evaluating indices, comprehensive evaluation, low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index, screening

表1

2种氮处理下棉花各性状值及耐低氮系数"

性状
Trait		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 耐低氮系数
Low N tolerance coefficient
平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%) 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
PH 9.50 A 2.26 23.74 7.40 B 2.06 27.79 0.79 0.20 24.77
SD 2.23 A 0.25 11.32 2.04 B 0.21 10.05 0.92 0.07 7.76
LA 109.45 A 41.82 38.21 60.19 B 16.23 26.97 0.59 0.02 34.11
SPAD 34.30 A 4.61 13.43 31.04 B 4.65 14.98 0.91 0.06 6.31
Pn 8.33 A 2.19 26.35 4.05 B 2.43 59.98 0.50 0.02 38.18
Gs 0.17 A 0.08 50.06 0.07 B 0.05 74.10 0.50 0.03 66.09
Ci 285.46 A 67.07 23.50 291.29 A 73.34 25.18 1.02 0.01 14.43
Tr 2.95 A 1.27 43.05 1.37 B 0.95 69.53 0.52 0.03 48.69
性状
Trait		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 耐低氮系数
Low N tolerance coefficient
平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%) 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
WUE 3.18 A 1.48 46.64 2.73 B 1.26 45.99 0.90 0.03 29.25
ΦPSII 0.73 A 0.05 6.59 0.63 B 0.14 22.23 0.86 0.16 18.12
Fv/Fm 0.78 A 0.04 5.71 0.69 B 0.12 17.43 0.89 0.13 14.77
RL 1886.90 A 547.42 29.01 1197.54 B 229.34 19.15 0.69 0.24 34.67
RPA 76.74 A 22.93 29.88 49.23 B 9.96 20.23 0.70 0.24 34.60
RSA 241.07 A 72.04 29.88 154.66 B 31.30 20.23 0.70 0.24 34.60
RD 0.40 A 0.02 4.76 0.39 A 0.02 5.22 0.99 0.04 4.39
RV 2.47 A 0.83 33.46 1.59 B 0.38 23.76 0.71 0.25 35.98
SDW 0.96 A 0.22 22.77 0.68 B 0.08 12.52 0.74 0.21 28.78
RDW 0.28 A 0.06 21.15 0.26 B 0.04 16.06 0.97 0.23 23.62
TDW 1.25 A 0.27 21.87 0.94 B 0.10 11.03 0.79 0.21 26.07
RSR 0.30 B 0.04 12.22 0.40 A 0.07 18.08 1.34 0.24 17.59
NC 21.86 A 2.39 10.95 11.71 B 1.32 11.28 0.54 0.09 17.48
NA 27.32 A 6.64 24.30 11.00 B 1.41 12.85 0.43 0.14 32.54
NUE 46.33 B 5.40 11.66 86.45 A 9.58 11.08 1.89 0.30 15.87

图1

21个棉花品种间各性状耐低氮系数聚类热图 缩写同表1。1: 新陆早20号; 2: 新海21号; 3: 中棉所16; 4: 中棉所35; 5: 新陆早12号; 6: 新陆早23号; 7: 中棉所69; 8: 丰抗棉1号; 9: 鲁无403; 10: 新海12号; 11: 农大601; 12: K837; 13: K836; 14: 国欣棉9号; 15: 新陆中15号; 16: 农大23; 17: 新陆早53号; 18: TM-1; 19: 冀棉958; 20: 中棉所64; 21: 新海20。"

表2

各综合指标载荷系数及累计贡献率"

性状
Trait		 因子1
Factor 1		 因子2
Factor 2		 因子3
Factor 3		 因子4
Factor 4		 因子5
Factor 5
PH 0.6016 0.5188 0.1885 -0.0533 -0.1670
SD 0.7346 0.2687 -0.2699 0.1351 -0.2524
LA 0.8487 0.2417 0.2264 0.3237 -0.0836
SPAD 0.0801 -0.0215 -0.5582 0.4065 0.0760
Pn 0.1505 0.7097 0.6004 0.1444 0.0625
Gs 0.1771 0.7399 0.4081 0.2034 -0.2743
Ci -0.3702 0.0309 -0.2280 0.0511 -0.8427
Tr 0.2441 0.7653 0.4531 -0.0468 0.0400
WUE 0.6152 0.2309 -0.0267 0.2765 0.5526
ΦPSII 0.2661 0.1531 0.8713 0.0969 0.1768
Fv/Fm 0.2643 0.1092 0.8892 0.1371 0.1712
RL 0.9462 0.0295 0.0974 0.0873 0.2154
RSA 0.9603 0.0558 0.1561 0.0347 0.1781
RD 0.3938 -0.1375 0.4252 -0.1770 -0.2911
RV 0.9440 0.0978 0.1715 0.0483 0.1483
性状
Trait		 因子1
Factor 1		 因子2
Factor 2		 因子3
Factor 3		 因子4
Factor 4		 因子5
Factor 5
SDW 0.9364 0.0592 0.1770 0.2315 0.1205
RDW 0.8415 0.0501 0.1518 -0.4670 0.0889
TDW 0.9635 0.0485 0.1942 0.0631 0.1072
RSR -0.2077 0.0314 -0.0657 -0.9154 -0.0182
NC 0.0384 -0.9336 0.1041 0.0729 -0.0729
NA 0.8340 -0.4650 0.2276 0.0740 0.0453
NUE -0.0369 0.9310 -0.1122 -0.0371 0.1065
累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution (%)		 47.031 64.705 74.562 81.152 86.844

表3

各性状耐低氮系数与D值相关性"

性状
Trait		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 P值
P-value		 性状
Trait		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 P值
P-value
PH 0.724 0.000 RL 0.726 0.000
SD 0.478 0.028 RSA 0.743 0.000
LA 0.788 0.000 RD 0.299 0.188
SPAD 0.091 0.694 RV 0.742 0.000
Pn 0.619 0.003 SDW 0.730 0.000
Gs 0.462 0.003 RDW 0.551 0.010
Ci -0.545 0.011 TDW 0.720 0.000
Tr 0.564 0.008 RSR -0.269 0.239
WUE 0.746 0.000 NC -0.373 0.096
ΦPSII 0.538 0.012 NA 0.418 0.059
Fv/Fm 0.559 0.008 NUE 0.388 0.083

表4

各品种耐低氮综合指标值、权重、D值及综合评价"

品种
Cultivar		 因子1
Factor 1		 因子2
Factor 2		 因子3
Factor 3		 因子4
Factor 4		 因子5
Factor 5		 D值
D-value		 排序
Rank
新陆早20号 Xinluzao 20 -0.9564 0.3077 1.5239 -0.4691 0.0916 0.3852 11
新海21号 Xinhai 21 -1.0092 2.4066 1.1253 -2.4847 -1.3845 0.3961 10
中棉所16 Zhongmiansuo 16 -4.3197 -3.4555 -3.1731 -1.1166 -1.1868 0.1118 20
中棉所35 Zhongmiansuo 35 0.5350 -0.5879 1.8340 -0.8934 -0.6888 0.4085 9
新陆早12号 Xinluzao 12 -2.1007 0.6503 0.4105 -0.5769 -0.9120 0.3344 17
新陆早23号 Xinluzao 23 1.2706 2.1269 0.4159 2.2817 0.8221 0.5428 6
中棉所69 Zhongmiansuo 69 -1.2036 0.7515 -1.5538 -0.3693 0.7294 0.3670 13
丰抗棉1号 Fengkangmian 1 0.1170 -1.1065 -0.5612 -0.3528 -0.5557 0.3679 12
鲁无403 Luwu 403 -0.8602 1.5783 -0.4994 -0.1377 0.7774 0.8391 2
新海12号 Xinhai 12 1.5487 3.3288 1.5858 -0.9922 0.2796 0.5468 5
农大601 Nongda 601 -0.5588 -4.5430 -1.3566 0.8227 0.5991 0.2739 19
K837 0.3977 -0.6372 -3.1372 -1.5791 0.5061 0.3596 15
K836 10.4976 1.6463 5.6370 3.3847 4.7610 0.9515 1
国欣棉9号 Guoxinmian 9 2.7775 2.4231 2.3144 2.6178 2.3349 0.6359 3
新陆中15号 Xinluzhong 15 -1.4136 -0.8155 -2.3434 -1.2135 -0.3324 0.2950 18
农大23 Nongda 23 -1.7046 -0.4832 1.0049 -0.1880 0.4743 0.3402 16
新陆早53号 Xinluzao 53 -0.5483 -1.0800 0.7267 -0.5284 0.3915 0.3598 14
TM-1 -4.4425 -2.9849 -7.7051 -0.1541 -4.5841 0.0692 21
冀棉958 Jimian 958 -0.9118 -1.3400 -1.1111 0.3833 0.8979 0.4939 7
中棉所64 Zhongmiansuo 64 0.5484 3.5817 2.4610 2.7213 -2.2305 0.5547 4
新海20号 Xinhai 20 2.3369 -1.7673 2.4015 -1.1556 -0.7902 0.4450 8
权重 Weight 0.5416 0.2035 0.1135 0.0759 0.0655

图2

各性状耐低氮系数值分布及相关性 缩写同表1。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平显著相关。"

图3

21个棉花品种D值系统聚类图 1~21同图1。"

表5

21个棉花品种在不同氮处理下的氮效率综合值"

品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value		 品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value
低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N
新陆早20号 Xinluzao 20 0.58 0.62 K837 0.54 0.59
新海21号 Xinhai 21 0.49 0.49 K836 0.33 0.19
中棉所16 Zhongmiansuo 16 0.37 0.86 国欣棉9号 Guoxinmian 9 0.46 0.34
中棉所35 Zhongmiansuo 35 0.32 0.39 新陆中15号 Xinluzhong 15 0.56 0.73
新陆早12号 Xinluzao 12 0.43 0.62 农大23 Nongda 23 0.56 0.63
品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value		 品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value
低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N
新陆早23号 Xinluzao 23 0.64 0.54 新陆早53号 Xinluzao 53 0.30 0.53
中棉所69 Zhongmiansuo 69 0.52 0.66 TM-1 0.10 0.71
丰抗棉1号 Fengkangmian 1 0.23 0.49 冀棉958 Jimian 958 0.37 0.56
鲁无403 Luwu 403 0.57 0.64 中棉所64 Zhongmiansuo 64 0.72 0.55
新海12号 Xinhai 12 0.82 0.57 新海20号 Xinhai 20 0.49 0.51
农大601 Nongda 601 0.28 0.55

图4

21个棉花品种在不同氮处理下的氮效率综合值散点图 1~21同图1。"

图5

主成分分析 a: 耐低氮系数; b: 低氮处理; c: 正常氮处理。1~21同图1。"

表6

21个棉花品种的耐低氮综合指数"

品种
Cultivar		 耐低氮综合指数
Low nitrogen tolerance
comprehensive index		 品种
Cultivar		 耐低氮综合指数
Low nitrogen tolerance
comprehensive index
新陆早20号Xinluzao 20 0.5286 K837 0.4952
新海21号Xinhai 21 0.4597 K836 0.4913
中棉所16 Zhongmiansuo 16 0.4472 国欣棉9号Guoxinmian 9 0.4784
中棉所35 Zhongmiansuo 35 0.3734 新陆中15号Xinluzhong 15 0.5292
新陆早12号Xinluzao 12 0.4623 农大23 Nongda 23 0.5112
新陆早23号Xinluzao 23 0.5723 新陆早53号Xinluzao 53 0.3962
中棉所69 Zhongmiansuo 69 0.5169 TM-1 0.2914
丰抗棉1号Fengkangmian 1 0.3629 冀棉958 Jimian 958 0.4760
鲁无403 Luwu 403 0.6818 中棉所64 Zhongmiansuo 64 0.6097
新海12号Xinhai 12 0.6437 新海20号Xinhai 20 0.4817
农大601 Nongda 601 0.3670

图6

21个棉花品种的耐低氮综合指数系统聚类图 1~21同图1。"

图7

总干重与根系干重相关性分析 a: 低氮处理; b: 正常氮处理。a: low nitrogen treatment; b: normal nitrogen treatment."

图8

氮积累量与根长、根表面积、根体积相关性分析"

图9

不同氮处理下各品种照片 a: K836; b: TM-1; c: 鲁无403; 标尺为2 cm。a: K836; b: TM-1; c: Luwu 403. Bar: 2 cm."

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