干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆生理和根系生理的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22032

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 808-820.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22032

干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆生理和根系生理的影响

付景¹(), 王亚¹, 杨文博¹, 王越涛¹, 李本银², 王付华¹, 王生轩¹, 白涛¹, 尹海庆¹^,^*()

¹河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 河南郑州 450002
²河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 河南郑州 450002

收稿日期:2022-05-13 接受日期:2022-07-21 出版日期:2023-03-12 网络出版日期:2022-08-12
通讯作者: 尹海庆
作者简介:E-mail: fujing8210@sina.cn
基金资助:
河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110019);河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目(2022ZC09);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(HARS-22-03-S);河南省农业科学院水稻科技创新团队项目(2022TD29);河南省农业科学院基础性科研工作项目(2022JC05)

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and nitrogen coupling on grain filling physiology and root physiology in rice

FU Jing¹(), WANG Ya¹, YANG Wen-Bo¹, WANG Yue-Tao¹, LI Ben-Yin², WANG Fu-Hua¹, WANG Sheng-Xuan¹, BAI Tao¹, YIN Hai-Qing¹^,^*()

¹Cereal Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
²Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China

Received:2022-05-13 Accepted:2022-07-21 Published:2023-03-12 Published online:2022-08-12
Contact: YIN Hai-Qing
Supported by:
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Program(222102110019);Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Independent Innovation Fund Project(2022ZC09);Special Fund for Henan Agriculture Research System(HARS-22-03-S);Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Rice Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(2022TD29);Fundamental Research Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2022JC05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响, 但其对籽粒灌浆生理的影响, 以及与根系生理的关系尚不明确。为探讨干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆、籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和激素含量变化及其根系生理的影响, 以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料, 大田种植, 设置常规灌溉(conventional irrigation, CI)和干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and drying, AWD) 2种灌溉方式及5个施氮水平, 全生育期不施氮肥(0N)、全生育期施氮肥90 kg hm^-2 (90N)、全生育期施氮肥180 kg hm^-2 (180N)、全生育期施氮肥270 kg hm^-2 (270N)和全生育期施氮肥360 kg hm^-2 (360N)。结果表明: 灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应, 干湿交替灌溉增加了南粳9108籽粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率, 提高了籽粒中蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、淀粉合成酶、淀粉分枝酶的活性和玉米素+玉米素核苷、3-吲哚乙酸、脱落酸的含量, 增加了花后根系氧化力和根系中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量, 促进水稻生育前期茎鞘中储存的NSC向籽粒的运转, 且与270N耦合后产量最高, 为本试验最佳水氮耦合模式。表明通过适宜的水肥调控发挥水氮耦合效应, 可以提高水稻根系生理性能和籽粒灌浆生理活性, 实现水稻高产。

关键词: 水稻, 干湿交替灌溉, 施氮量, 籽粒灌浆生理, 根系生理

Abstract:

Soil moisture and nitrogen nutrient are the two principal factors affecting rice production. Alternating dry and wet irrigation (AWD) coupled with nitrogen application plays important roles in root growth and yield formation in rice. However, its effect on grain filling physiology and their relationship with root physiology is not clearly understood. To explore the effects of alternating dry and wet irrigation and nitrogen application coupling on grain filling, changes of key enzyme activities involved in sucrose-to starch conversion and hormone contents, and root physiology of rice, the super rice variety Nanjing 9108 was cultivated as the material in the field. The field experiments were conducted with two irrigation regimes [conventional irrigation (CI) and AWD] and five nitrogen application rates [no nitrogen fertilizer (0N), 90 kg hm^-2 (90N), 180 kg hm^-2 (180N), 270 kg hm^-2 (270N), and 360 kg hm^-2 (360N) nitrogen fertilizer]. The results showed that there was a significant interaction effect between irrigation method and nitrogen application rate. Alternating dry and wet irrigation increased the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of Nanjing 9108, and increased the activities of the sucrose synthase enzymes, adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylation enzymes, starch synthase enzymes, and starch branching enzymes, and the contents of zeatin + zeatin riboside, 3-indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid, increased root oxidation activity, and the content of zeatin + zeatin riboside in roots after heading, promoted the transfer of NSC stored in the stem sheath to the grain in the early growth stage of rice, and the highest yield was obtained after coupling with 270N, which was the best water-nitrogen coupling mode in this experiment. In conclusion, the water-nitrogen coupling effect can be exerted by appropriate regulation of water and fertilizer, which can improve the physiological performance of rice roots and grain-filling physiological activity, and achieve high rice yield.

Key words: rice, the alternate wetting and drying irrigation, nitrogen rate, grain filling physiology, root physiology

付景, 王亚, 杨文博, 王越涛, 李本银, 王付华, 王生轩, 白涛, 尹海庆. 干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆生理和根系生理的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(3): 808-820.

FU Jing, WANG Ya, YANG Wen-Bo, WANG Yue-Tao, LI Ben-Yin, WANG Fu-Hua, WANG Sheng-Xuan, BAI Tao, YIN Hai-Qing. Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and nitrogen coupling on grain filling physiology and root physiology in rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(3): 808-820.

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变异来源 Source of variations	自由度 DF	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)	籽粒平均灌浆速率 Average grain filling rate (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	籽粒细胞分裂素含量 Z+ZR content (pmol g^-1 DW)	根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity (μg g^-1 h^-1)	根系细胞分裂素含量 Z+ZR content (pmol g^-1DW)
年度Year (Y)	1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
水分Water (W)	1	1248.6^**	844.3^**	437.6^**	573.4^**	681.7^**
施氮量Nitrogen (N)	4	751.8^**	658.6^**	781.2^**	429.6^**	438.2^**
年度×水分Y×W	1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
年度×施氮量Y×N	4	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
水分×施氮量W×N	4	25.7^**	34.8^**	26.6^**	29.7^**	14.5^**
年度×水分×施氮量Y×W×N	4	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单位面积穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁶ hm^-2)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)
2017	CI+0N	226.7 h	114.9 h	260.5 i	88.7 a	25.7 a	5.94 h
	CI+90N	260.7 f	129.6 f	337.9 g	83.9 b	25.5 ab	7.23 f
	CI+180N	290.3 d	138.4 e	401.8 e	80.7 bc	25.1 b	8.14 e
	CI+270N	321.7 b	150.5 c	484.2 c	77.4 c	24.9 bc	9.33 b
	CI+360N	324.3 b	158.6 b	514.3 b	68.4 d	23.9 c	8.41 d
	AWD+0N	234.3 g	124.2 fg	291.0 h	90.2 a	25.9 a	6.80 g
	AWD+90N	269.7 e	137.3 e	370.3 f	84.8 b	25.7 a	8.07 e
	AWD+180N	296.7 c	145.7 d	432.3 d	81.1 bc	25.3 b	8.87 c
	AWD+270N	328.7 a	156.6 b	514.7 b	78.3 c	25.1 b	10.11 a
	AWD+360N	331.6 a	165.1 a	547.5 a	69.8 d	24.2 c	9.25 b
2018	CI+0N	228.1 h	113.7 h	259.3 i	89.5 a	25.8 a	5.99 h
	CI+90N	263.3 f	127.9 fg	336.8 g	84.1 b	25.6 a	7.25 f
	CI+180N	286.5 d	139.1 e	398.5 e	81.8 bc	25.1 b	8.18 e
	CI+270N	324.7 b	148.5 cd	482.2 c	78.1 c	24.9 bc	9.38 b
	CI+360N	323.8 b	156.8 b	507.7 b	68.9 d	24.1 c	8.43 d
	AWD+0N	237.3 g	121.2 g	287.6 h	90.8 a	25.8 a	6.74 g
	AWD+90N	272.7 e	136.3 e	371.7 f	85.2 b	25.7 a	8.14 e
	AWD+180N	295.7 c	144.7 d	427.9 d	81.6 bc	25.5 ab	8.90 c
	AWD+270N	331.7 a	155.6 b	516.1 b	78.7 c	25.2 b	10.24 a
	AWD+360N	330.3 a	163.1 a	538.7 a	71.2 d	24.3 c	9.32 b

年份Year	灌溉方式Irrigation model	施氮量(x, kg N hm^-2)与产量(y, kg hm^-2)关系方程 Equation between nitrogen fertilizer rate (x, kg N hm^-2) and grain yield (y, kg hm^-2)	R²	x_opt (kg N hm^-2)	y_max (kg hm^-2)
2017	CI	y = -0.0365x² + 20.981x + 5808.1	0.9343	287.4	8822.95
	AWD	y = -0.0338x² + 19.889x + 6683.7	0.9299	294.2	9609.21
2018	CI	y = -0.0366x² + 20.975x + 5850.3	0.9309	286.5	8854.51
	AWD	y = -0.0358x² + 20.974x + 6633.9	0.9294	292.9	9705.54

处理 Treatment	最大灌浆速率 G_max (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	到达最大灌浆速率的时间 T_max (d)	平均灌浆速率 G_mean (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	活跃灌浆期 D (d)	糙米重 BRW (mg grain^-1)
CI+0N	2.51 b	10.80 f	42.80 b	14.71 e	24.45 b
CI+90N	2.43 c	10.99 e	41.35 c	15.01 d	24.17 bc
CI+180N	2.09 e	11.78 c	38.17 e	17.36 b	23.80 d
CI+270N	2.07 e	11.92 c	36.50 f	17.29 b	23.67 d
CI+360N	1.73 f	12.48 a	29.48 h	19.37 a	22.08 f
AWD+0N	2.62 a	10.71 f	46.27 a	14.40 e	24.72 a
AWD+90N	2.51 b	10.89 ef	42.83 b	14.77 e	24.28 b
AWD+180N	2.41 c	10.99 e	41.38 c	15.12 d	24.08 c
AWD+270N	2.25 d	11.42 d	39.90 d	16.07 c	23.91 cd
AWD+360N	1.79 f	12.30 b	29.85 g	19.20 a	22.43 e

籽粒灌浆速率 Grain-filling rate	蔗糖合成酶 SuSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 AGPase	淀粉合成酶 StSase	淀粉分支酶 SBE
CI+0N	0.916^**	0.895^**	0.802^**	0.506
CI+90N	0.887^**	0.883^**	0.812^**	0.494
CI+180N	0.892^**	0.896^**	0.835^**	0.569
CI+270N	0.858^**	0.869^**	0.798^**	0.527
CI+360N	0.825^**	0.784^*	0.689^*	0.431
AWD+0N	0.903^**	0.885^**	0.800^**	0.461
AWD+90N	0.875^**	0.869^**	0.803^**	0.446
AWD+180N	0.832^**	0.830^**	0.798^**	0.423
AWD+270N	0.806^**	0.829^**	0.763^*	0.419
AWD+360N	0.815^**	0.780^*	0.677^*	0.427

干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆生理和根系生理的影响

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and nitrogen coupling on grain filling physiology and root physiology in rice

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籽粒灌浆速率 Grain-filling rate	玉米素+玉米素核苷 Z+ZR	3-吲哚乙酸 IAA	脱落酸 ABA
CI+0N	0.875^**	0.960^**	0.379
CI+90N	0.867^**	0.951^**	0.333
CI+180N	0.862^**	0.952^**	0.390
CI+270N	0.821^**	0.912^**	0.246
CI+360N	0.735^*	0.868^**	0.025
AWD+0N	0.863^**	0.947^**	0.335
AWD+90N	0.857^**	0.933^**	0.295
AWD+180N	0.813^**	0.894^**	0.197
AWD+270N	0.781^*	0.859^**	0.133
AWD+360N	0.728^*	0.832^**	0.036

处理 Treatment	抽穗期NSC NSC at heading (kg hm^-2)	成熟期NSC NSC at maturity (kg hm^-2)	NSC运转率 Remobilized NSC (%)	NSC对产量贡献率 NSC contributed to grain yield (%)
CI+0N	1662.2 i	723.4 h	56.5 d	15.7 b
CI+90N	1947.3 g	913.2 f	53.1 e	14.3 c
CI+180N	2378.9 e	1214.1 d	49.0 f	14.2 c
CI+270N	2663.3 c	1425.8 c	46.5 g	13.2 d
CI+360N	2845.3 b	1927.2 a	32.3 h	10.9 e
AWD+0N	1813.4 h	685.2 h	62.2 a	16.7 a
AWD+90N	2085.1 f	812.1 g	61.1 b	15.6 b
AWD+180N	2521.4 d	1041.3 e	58.7 c	16.6 a
AWD+270N	2824.3 b	1168.1 d	58.6 c	16.2 a
AWD+360N	2982.3 a	1537.8 b	47.2 g	15.1 b

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