作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1028-1038.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24104
孟璐1,2(), 杜明伟1, 黎芳1, 齐海坤1, 路正营3, 徐东永4, 李存东5, 张明才1, 田晓莉1,*(), 李召虎1
MENG Lu1,2(), DU Ming-Wei1, LI Fang1, QI Hai-Kun1, LU Zheng-Ying3, XU Dong-Yong4, LI Cun-Dong5, ZHANG Ming-Cai1, TIAN Xiao-Li1,*(), LI Zhao-Hu1
摘要:
化学脱叶催熟是棉花机械采收的前提, 棉田药前群体大小和成熟度等显著影响脱叶催熟效果。本文于2016—2017年在河北省河间市开展研究, 采用不同品种(中棉所60、欣抗4号)、种植密度(90,000、120,000株 hm-2)和播期(4月20日、5月10日)塑造不同的群体, 在此基础上应用50%噻苯·乙烯利悬浮剂(T·E)进行化学脱叶催熟, 考察各因素对化学脱叶催熟效果的影响, 并应用Spearman偏相关分析药前叶片数、吐絮率和叶铃比与药后脱叶率、残留叶片数及药后吐絮率的关系。结果表明, 品种间的药前叶片数、吐絮率和叶铃比无显著差异; 与90,000株 hm-2相比, 120,000株 hm-2的药前叶片数多、吐絮率低; 晚播棉的药前叶片数和叶铃比高于早播棉、吐絮率则低于早播棉。T·E的脱叶效果较好, 2年药后21 d的脱叶率均高于90%、脱叶率药效接近或超过90%, 残留叶片数为8.1~23.3片 m-2; 不同品种、密度和播期的脱叶率相当, 但2017年120,000株 hm-2和晚播的残留叶片数分别多于90,000株 hm-2和早播。T·E的催熟效果欠佳, 2年药后21 d的吐絮率低于70%、吐絮率药效不足25%; 不同品种和密度的吐絮率相当, 但晚播棉的吐絮率低于早播棉。相关分析结果表明, 药后7、14、21 d的脱叶率和药效及残留叶片数与药前叶片数、吐絮率和叶铃比无关, 但药后7、14、21 d的吐絮率与药前叶片数呈显著负相关(r = -0.393 ~ -0.432)、与药前吐絮率呈显著正相关(r = 0.558 ~ 0.862), 吐絮率药效也与药前吐絮率呈显著正相关。综上, 黄河流域棉区高密群体(90,000~120,000株 hm-2)的化学脱叶效果较好, 且与药前群体大小和成熟度等的关系较小; 而化学催熟不充分, 药后21 d的吐絮率达不到机采要求的95%, 且对药前群体大小和成熟度的依赖性较强。通过合理密植和适期播种控制群体、促进早熟是改善棉花化学催熟效果的关键。
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