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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1039-1051.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22023

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

侧深施肥下水稻高产形成的根系形态及其生理变化特征

张晨晖(), 章岩, 李国辉, 杨子君, 查莹莹, 周驰燕, 许轲*(), 霍中洋, 戴其根, 郭保卫   

  1. 农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-21 接受日期:2022-09-05 出版日期:2023-04-12 网络出版日期:2022-09-15
  • 通讯作者: *许轲, E-mail: xuke@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1409488070@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业重点研发计划项目(BE2021361/BE2019343);国家自然科学基金项目(32272200)

Root morphology and physiological characteristics for high yield formation under side-deep fertilization in rice

ZHANG Chen-Hui(), ZHANG Yan, LI Guo-Hui, YANG Zi-Jun, ZHA Ying-Ying, ZHOU Chi-Yan, XU Ke*(), HUO Zhong-Yang, DAI Qi-Gen, GUO Bao-Wei   

  1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley of Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-04-21 Accepted:2022-09-05 Published:2023-04-12 Published online:2022-09-15
  • Contact: *E-mail: xuke@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Province Agricultural Key Research and Development Plan Project(BE2021361/BE2019343);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272200)

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摘要：

水稻侧深施肥是均匀地将肥料深施在秧苗一侧土壤根际的一种不对称局部施肥技术, 具有减肥增产、提高肥料利用率和减少劳动力投入等优点, 然而侧深施肥下水稻根系特征及其与产量形成的关系尚不清楚。本试验以丰粳1606和南粳9108为材料, 设置普通尿素常规施肥(conventional fertilization with common urea, CF)、缓释肥减氮15%表施(conventional fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer, CFCR)、普通尿素减氮15%侧深施肥(side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of common urea, SDCU)和缓释肥减氮15%侧深施肥(side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer, SDCR) 4种氮处理, 研究不同施肥方式对水稻根系形态结构和生理特征以及产量的影响。结果表明: (1) SDCR处理水稻产量最高, 其次分别为CF和CFCR处理, 而SDCU处理产量最低; (2) SDCR处理显著提高了不同生育时期总根长、根尖数、根表面积和根体积; (3) SDCR处理降低了不同生育时期根系的皮层横截面积、皮层细胞层数和不定根直径, 提高了根系中柱直径, 但对皮层生活细胞面积和通气组织面积影响不显著; (4)与CF处理相比, SDCR处理显著提高了根系活力; 根系氮代谢酶在生育期内呈现先上升后下降趋势, 抽穗期达到峰值, 其中SDCR处理下不同生育时期水稻根系谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性最高。因此, 缓释肥侧深施肥可改善根系形态、结构和生理特征, 增强根系吸收养分和水分能力, 防止后期植株早衰, 从而提高水稻产量, 达到提高肥料利用效率, 实现减氮增产的目的。

关键词: 水稻, 侧深施肥, 产量, 根系形态结构, 生理特征

Abstract:

The side-deep fertilization of rice is an asymmetric local fertilization for rhizosphere of seedlings that fertilizers are applied deep in paddy soil. It has the advantages of reducing fertilizer application and labor cost, increasing fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield. However, the effects of side-deep fertilization on root characteristics and its relationship with grain yield are unclear. This field experiment was conducted using rice verities of Fengjing 1606 and Nanjing 9108. Four nitrogen treatments, conventional fertilization with common urea (CF), conventional fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer (CFCR), side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of common urea (SDCU), and side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer (SDCR), were tested to explore the effects of different nitrogen treatments on root morphological traits, anatomical structure, physiological characteristics, and grain yield. The results showed as follows: (1) The grain yield of SDCR treatment was the highest, followed by CF and CFCR treatments, the yields of SDCU treatment was the lowest. (2) SDCR treatment significantly increased the total root length, the root tips, root surface area, and root volume at different growth stage. (3) SDCR treatment reduced the cortical cross-sectional area of rice roots, the cortical cell layers, and the root diameter, and increases the stele diameter at different growth stages, however, there was no significant effect on the aerenchyma area and cortical cell area. (4) Compared with CF treatment, SDCR treatment significantly improved rice root activity, root nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity increased and reached the peak at heading stage, and then decreased, SDCR treatment had the highest GOGAT and GS activities at different growth stages. Therefore, to improve rice yield, improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency, and achieve the purpose of nitrogen reduction and production increase, the side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer could improve root morphological traits, anatomical structure, and physiological characteristics, enhance the root ability to absorb nutrients and water, prevent premature senescence of plant.

Key words: rice, side-deep fertilization, yield, root morphology structure, physiological characteristics

表1

氮肥处理及施用量"

处理
Treatment		 施氮量
Nitrogen application
rate (kg N hm-2)		 氮肥运筹 Nitrogen fertilizer application (kg N hm-2)
基肥
Base fertilizer		 分蘖肥
Tillering fertilizer		 穗肥(倒3.5叶)
Panicle fertilizer
(3.5 leaf age remainders)		 穗肥(倒1.5叶)
Panicle fertilizer
(1.5 leaf age remainders)
CF 300 120 60 60 60
CFCR 255 255 0 0 0
SDCU 255 255 0 0 0
SDCR 255 255 0 0 0

表2

供试地区基本气象资料"

月份
Month		 最低温度
Minimum
temperature (℃)		 最高温度
Maximum
temperature (℃)		 平均温度
Mean
temperature (℃)		 降雨量
Rainfall
(mm)		 相对湿度
Relative humidity
(%)		 日照时间
Day length
(h)
2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021
5 13.0 12.6 35.4 34.6 22.6 21.6 48.6 193.4 72.8 73.5 188.6 157.4
6 13.5 16.7 35.4 36.4 25.5 26.4 359.1 121.7 80.9 76.6 112.0 151.1
7 19.8 22.0 34.6 37.7 25.5 29.0 212.2 434.9 87.2 83.3 63.8 133.1
8 23.2 20.7 38.3 37.7 30.5 28.0 140.7 138.7 81.7 83.9 202.9 138.7
9 16.5 18.2 34.6 35.9 24.0 26.0 30.2 35.7 77.8 78.8 183.7 128.4
10 5.5 8.0 29.6 33.9 17.0 19.5 39.4 88.2 75.4 76.2 159.0 101.3
11 4.6 1.7 28.5 22.0 12.5 12.5 60.4 33.9 75.9 68.3 136.0 95.9

表3

供试地区土壤基础地力"

年份
Year		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (g kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g kg-1)		 速效磷
Olsen-P (mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K (mg kg-1)
2020 7.79 31.01 2.58 14.77 122.08
2021 8.34 33.73 3.10 14.80 123.12

表4

供试地区土壤氨态氮和硝态氮空间分布"

时期
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 铵态氮
Ammoniacal nitrogen		 铵态氮
Ammoniacal nitrogen		 硝态氮
Nitrate nitrogen		 硝态氮
Nitrate nitrogen
FJ 1606 NJ 9108 FJ 1606 NJ 9108
0-5 cm 5-10 cm 0-5 cm 5-10 cm 0-5 cm 5-10 cm 0-5 cm 5-10 cm
PI CF 43.55 32.38 41.57 28.61 29.75 28.04 31.14 28.11
CFCR 35.76 27.42 35.72 25.90 29.40 20.71 29.51 25.65
SDCU 40.69 25.19 39.82 26.35 30.97 26.72 24.81 23.95
SDCR 37.82 28.91 37.28 32.20 31.54 21.33 29.06 24.51
HD CF 15.83 15.63 16.29 20.54 20.14 19.76 16.54 18.80
CFCR 16.33 13.84 15.30 17.65 20.82 16.80 13.82 17.54
SDCU 14.68 13.77 14.41 21.83 22.12 17.18 14.03 16.64
SDCR 18.84 16.86 17.36 18.16 21.67 19.60 17.20 19.50
MT CF 17.44 14.54 16.15 32.89 31.52 23.36 16.87 22.60
CFCR 16.35 12.38 15.71 29.87 28.94 22.74 14.69 21.35
SDCU 15.81 12.14 14.19 26.30 25.11 20.12 13.13 19.16
SDCR 19.87 15.06 18.12 32.31 32.43 23.40 15.25 23.78

表5

供试地区土壤0~5 cm酶活性"

时期
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 碱性磷酸酶
Alkaline phosphatase		 脲酶
Urease		 蔗糖酶
Sucrase		 纤维素酶
Cellulase		 脱氢酶
Dehydrogenase
FJ1606 NJ 9108 FJ 1606 NJ 9108 FJ 1606 NJ 9108 FJ 1606 NJ 9108 FJ 1606 NJ 9108
PI CF 65.31 64.88 909.31 779.68 709.68 727.43 116.26 116.57 85.09 87.12
CFCR 63.95 58.96 748.24 750.47 649.55 646.26 119.78 115.64 83.33 86.24
SDCU 63.86 55.61 895.75 768.67 639.25 642.87 115.70 112.78 84.47 83.38
SDCR 65.58 66.88 760.23 736.77 717.23 744.44 129.22 126.48 86.75 88.33
HD CF 68.31 68.16 762.83 752.05 721.75 752.86 123.58 125.17 92.22 93.68
CFCR 65.50 65.08 837.84 789.23 668.13 703.43 128.40 120.29 89.36 89.64
SDCU 65.34 64.40 763.93 735.25 668.13 670.18 126.90 118.67 86.90 86.35
SDCR 68.56 71.30 783.91 836.61 762.43 815.75 132.64 138.26 93.33 96.90
MT CF 57.30 57.43 722.38 722.17 693.21 616.16 113.91 115.47 84.40 86.93
CFCR 57.29 56.51 707.84 714.22 662.23 599.73 108.02 110.22 82.65 84.23
SDCU 57.07 56.27 708.31 687.75 573.92 568.50 103.45 111.46 79.97 82.93
SDCR 58.14 61.20 750.68 710.08 699.29 627.49 121.35 122.01 85.30 87.71

表6

不同氮处理对水稻产量及产量构成因子的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Panicles number
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets number
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 结实率
Grain filling rate (%)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
2020 丰粳1606
FJ 1606		 CF 293.41 a 139.67 a 27.25 a 95.29 a 10.03 ab
CFCR 288.87 a 139.33 a 27.46 a 94.09 a 9.83 bc
SDCU 288.74 a 138.33 a 27.65 a 93.63 a 9.77 c
SDCR 294.01 a 140.67 a 27.72 a 95.29 a 10.18 a
南粳9108
NJ 9108		 CF 321.22 ab 147.33 a 24.43 a 94.30 a 10.41 a
CFCR 318.23 b 147.33 a 24.54 a 94.20 a 10.33 a
SDCU 317.98 b 145.33 a 24.43 a 93.84 a 10.33 a
SDCR 324.03 a 147.33 a 24.85 a 93.40 a 10.53 a
2021 丰粳1606
FJ 1606		 CF 287.72 a 150.64 a 26.65 a 92.55 a 10.06 a
CFCR 284.16 ab 151.25 a 26.57 a 90.01 ab 9.87 b
SDCU 275.00 b 144.20 a 25.89 a 89.40 b 9.77 b
SDCR 292.09 a 154.56 a 26.14 a 87.69 b 10.18 a
南粳9108
NJ 9108		 CF 319.70 a 155.23 a 24.30 a 87.20 b 10.49 a
CFCR 317.56 a 155.15 a 24.35 a 89.14 ab 10.33 b
SDCU 316.21 a 154.46 a 24.15 a 89.31 ab 10.30 b
SDCR 323.46 a 155.21 a 24.35 a 90.72 a 10.63 a

表7

不同时期不同氮处理对水稻根系形态性状的影响"

品种
Variety		 生育
时期
Growth
stage		 处理
Treatment		 总根长
Root length
(×103 cm plant-1)		 根尖数
Root tip number
(×104 plant-1)		 根表面积
Root surface area
(×103 cm2 plant-1)		 根体积
Root
volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 比根长
Specific root length
(m g-1)		 比根重
Specific root weight
(g m-1)		 比根表面积
Specific root surface area
(cm2 g-1)		 比根体积
Specific root volume
(cm3 g-1)
丰粳1606
FJ 1606		 PI CF 10.08 b 5.54 b 1.62 ab 24.16 b 48.68 ab 0.021 ab 780.27 a 11.67 b
CFCR 8.40 c 4.58 c 1.52 b 20.77 c 46.45 ab 0.022 ab 840.43 a 11.43 b
SDCU 8.88 c 4.73 c 1.55 ab 23.36 b 43.79 b 0.023 a 764.80 a 11.46 b
SDCR 11.03 a 9.63 a 1.66 a 28.07 a 54.17 a 0.019 b 817.34 a 13.80 a
HD CF 11.55 b 6.74 b 1.90 b 25.06 b 38.68 b 0.026 a 634.94 b 8.40 c
CFCR 11.12 b 5.64 c 1.80 bc 22.45 c 60.25 a 0.018 c 980.31 a 12.05 a
SDCU 10.64 b 5.75 c 1.72 c 21.27 c 45.08 b 0.022 b 727.90 b 9.00 bc
SDCR 15.79 a 12.79 a 2.19 a 29.66 a 53.99 a 0.019 c 747.83 b 10.14 b
MT CF 7.57 b 5.47 b 1.23 a 15.86 ab 47.34 a 0.021 c 767.43 a 9.91 b
CFCR 6.98 c 3.76 c 1.08 b 15.94 ab 49.94 a 0.020 c 774.17 a 11.37 a
SDCU 6.52 c 2.71 d 1.03 b 14.28 b 35.54 b 0.029 a 566.57 b 7.72 c
SDCR 8.30 a 7.54 a 1.28 a 17.59 a 39.82 b 0.025 b 610.73 b 8.41 c
南粳9108
NJ 9108		 PI CF 16.15 b 12.79 b 2.25 b 24.08 b 76.08 a 0.013 b 1058.86 a 11.32 b
CFCR 13.56 c 9.44 d 1.56 d 17.30 d 60.23 b 0.017 a 693.94 b 7.73 c
SDCU 15.57 b 11.78 c 2.00 c 19.83 c 80.24 a 0.012 b 1033.27 a 10.22 b
品种
Variety		 生育
时期
Growth
stage		 处理
Treatment		 总根长
Root length
(×103 cm plant-1)		 根尖数
Root tip number
(×104 plant-1)		 根表面积
Root surface area
(×103 cm2 plant-1)		 根体积
Root
volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 比根长
Specific root length
(m g-1)		 比根重
Specific root weight
(g m-1)		 比根表面积
Specific root surface area
(cm2 g-1)		 比根体积
Specific root volume
(cm3 g-1)
南粳9108
NJ 9108		 PI SDCR 17.30 a 13.70 a 2.47 a 30.85 a 75.24 a 0.013 b 1072.88 a 13.41 a
HD CF 18.64 b 17.88 b 2.65 b 32.26 b 66.40 a 0.015 c 942.53 a 11.49 a
CFCR 17.34 c 14.89 c 2.35 c 28.06 c 54.77 b 0.018 b 741.39 b 8.88 b
SDCU 16.30 c 12.24 d 2.06 d 26.67 c 36.15 c 0.028 a 455.71 c 5.91 c
SDCR 22.35 a 24.24 a 3.62 a 51.62 a 48.49 b 0.021 b 785.52 b 11.19 a
MT CF 8.80 b 3.65 b 1.79 b 21.28 b 32.69 a 0.031 ab 664.47 a 7.90 b
CFCR 7.25 c 3.17 b 1.34 c 18.20 c 35.04 a 0.028 b 647.51 a 8.83 b
SDCU 6.27 d 3.14 b 1.13 d 14.56 d 34.26 a 0.029 b 613.59 a 7.96 b
SDCR 9.68 a 4.87 a 2.08 a 35.01 a 30.58 a 0.033 a 655.23 a 11.06 a

表8

不同时期不同氮处理对水稻根系解剖结构的影响"

品种
Variety		 生育
时期
Time		 处理
Treatment		 皮层
横截面积
Cortical cross-sectional area
(×104 µm2)		 皮层生活细胞面积
Cortical cell area
(×104 µm2)		 皮层细胞层数
Cortical cell layer		 中柱
直径
Stele
diameter
(µm)		 不定根
直径
Root diameter
(µm)		 通气组织
面积
Aerenchyma area
(×103 µm2)		 通气组织
比例
Aerenchyma formation
(%)		 皮层生活细胞比例
Cortical cell area formation
(%)		 中柱直径与根直径之比
Stele
diameter
/root
diameter
丰粳1606
FJ 1606		 PI CF 21.21 b 17.42 b 11.33 ab 126.12 b 565.81 a 37.92 ab 17.89 ab 82.11 ab 0.22 bc
CFCR 22.36 b 22.14 a 12.00 a 119.88 c 562.11 a 2.19 b 1.10 b 98.90 a 0.21 c
SDCU 24.71 a 18.22 ab 12.00 a 115.41 d 543.07 a 62.90 a 25.64 a 73.54 b 0.21 c
SDCR 20.55 b 17.11 b 9.67 b 133.64 a 549.12 a 34.49 ab 16.78 ab 83.22 ab 0.24 a
HD CF 13.88 b 7.14 b 10.33 ab 124.89 a 497.25 b 60.14 a 42.89 a 51.38 b 0.25 b
CFCR 16.62 a 13.01 a 11.00 ab 115.40 b 562.35 a 36.05 a 21.81 a 78.19 a 0.21 c
SDCU 16.46 a 12.97 a 11.67 a 118.72 b 549.51 a 34.95 a 20.00 a 80.00 a 0.22 c
SDCR 12.76 b 8.77 ab 9.33 b 125.75 a 424.32 c 42.70 a 33.68 a 68.45 ab 0.30 a
MT CF 8.08 b 5.88 a 11.67 a 92.24 ab 440.81 b 21.94 a 27.68 a 72.32 a 0.21 b
CFCR 13.70 a 8.90 a 11.67 a 91.30 b 481.28 a 48.04 a 35.10 a 64.90 a 0.19 c
SDCU 13.78 a 8.61 a 12.00 a 92.92 ab 440.25 b 53.33 a 38.73 a 62.47 a 0.21 b
SDCR 8.79 b 5.39 a 11.33 a 96.09 a 413.71 b 33.97 a 38.26 a 61.72 a 0.23 a
南粳9108
NJ 9108		 PI CF 17.56 c 15.60 c 11.33 a 122.49 b 563.95 ab 23.11 a 12.75 a 89.22 a 0.22 b
CFCR 25.42 a 24.72 a 11.00 ab 119.22 bc 575.89 ab 6.99 a 2.83 a 97.17 a 0.21 bc
SDCU 21.93 b 20.78 b 11.67 a 116.63 c 600.65 a 11.54 a 4.94 a 95.06 a 0.20 c
SDCR 13.27 d 12.40 d 10.33 b 130.05 a 534.06 b 8.63 a 6.44 a 93.56 a 0.24 a
HD CF 19.06 b 13.35 b 9.67 a 114.51 b 490.25 a 57.05 a 30.07 a 69.93 b 0.23 b
CFCR 20.32 ab 17.57 a 9.67 a 104.16 c 453.34 a 27.55 b 13.52 b 86.48 a 0.23 b
SDCU 21.55 a 17.32 a 10.00 a 101.66 c 454.54 a 42.31 ab 19.51 ab 80.49 ab 0.23 b
SDCR 11.97 c 8.69 c 9.67 a 122.04 a 458.87 a 32.77 b 27.10 a 72.90 b 0.27 a
MT CF 8.53 b 6.24 b 11.00 a 110.14 b 460.38 b 22.96 b 26.78 b 73.22 a 0.24 a
CFCR 10.68 a 8.09 a 11.00 a 101.59 c 546.12 a 25.86 b 24.74 b 75.26 a 0.19 b
SDCU 11.00 a 5.89 b 11.00 a 102.52 c 557.24 a 51.09 a 46.63 a 53.37 b 0.19 b
SDCR 8.00 b 4.71 b 10.00 b 116.42 a 457.97 b 32.93 b 41.21 a 58.79 b 0.25 a

图1

不同时期不同氮处理对水稻根系氧化活性的影响 不同字母表示同一品种各处理间差异在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同表4。"

图2

不同时期不同氮处理对根系谷氨酸合成酶活性的影响 缩写同表4。"

图3

不同时期不同氮处理对根系谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响 缩写同表4。"

表9

产量及产量构成与水稻根系指标的相关性(n = 24)"

根系性状
Root trait		 产量
Grain yield		 穗数
Panicle		 每穗粒数
Spikelets number per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 结实率
Grain filling percentage
幼穗分化期总根长PI-root length 0.9581** 0.9701** 0.9352** -0.9070** -0.3710
幼穗分化期根尖数PI-root tips 0.9593** 0.9031** 0.8828** -0.8085* -0.2517
幼穗分化期根表面积PI-root surface area 0.7957* 0.7799* 0.7150* -0.6719 -0.4170
幼穗分化期根体积PI-root volume 0.2469 0.0159 -0.0267 0.2023 0.0719
抽穗期总根长HD-root length 0.9565** 0.8958** 0.8980** -0.7736* -0.3036
抽穗期根尖数HD-root tips 0.9270** 0.8634** 0.8651** -0.7268* -0.3149
抽穗期根表面积HD-root surface area 0.8255* 0.7572* 0.7481* -0.5994 -0.3603
抽穗期根体积HD-root volume 0.7687* 0.6666 0.6422 -0.4903 -0.3313
成熟期总根长MT-root length 0.6221 0.4386 0.4620 -0.2460 0.0549
成熟期根尖数MT-root tips 0.1093 -0.2493 -0.2204 0.4169 0.7170*
成熟期根表面积MT-root surface area 0.7896* 0.7216* 0.7194* -0.5718 -0.2551
成熟期根体积MT-root volume 0.6709 0.5987 0.5850 -0.4276 -0.3856
幼穗分化期皮层横截面积PI-cortical cross-sectional area -0.6231 -0.4876 -0.4424 0.3205 0.1569
幼穗分化期皮层细胞层数PI-cortical cell layer -0.5375 -0.2371 -0.2816 0.0418 -0.3768
幼穗分化期中柱直径PI-stele diameter 0.3551 0.0199 0.0488 0.1846 0.5095
幼穗分化期不定根直径PI-root diameter 0.1454 0.2575 0.2453 -0.4340 0.0939
抽穗期皮层横截面积HD-cortical cross-sectional area 0.1083 0.3602 0.3692 -0.5552 -0.2802
抽穗期皮层细胞层数HD-cortical cell layer -0.8515** -0.6453 -0.6912 0.5402 -0.3246
抽穗期中柱直径HD-stele diameter -0.2587 -0.4993 -0.5041 0.6656 0.4301
根系性状
Root trait		 产量
Grain yield		 穗数
Panicle		 每穗粒数
Spikelets number per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 结实率
Grain filling percentage
抽穗期不定根直径HD-root diameter -0.7646* -0.5588 -0.5723 0.4527 -0.2760
成熟期皮层横截面积MT-cortical cross-sectional area -0.7189* -0.4836 -0.4787 0.3417 -0.4266
成熟期皮层细胞层数MT-cortical cell layer -0.9154** -0.8645** -0.8492** 0.7447* 0.3802
成熟期中柱直径MT-stele diameter 0.9008** 0.9104** 0.8854** -0.8076* -0.4662
成熟期不定根直径MT-root diameter 0.3167 0.5253 0.5243 -0.6749 -0.4038
幼穗分化期谷氨酸合成酶PI-GOGAT 0.4215 0.1932 0.1726 0.0320 -0.0583
抽穗期谷氨酸合成酶HD-GOGAT 0.3741 0.1307 0.1684 0.0847 0.1961
成熟期谷氨酸合成酶MT-GOGAT 0.8249* 0.6521 0.7022 -0.4840 0.0128
幼穗分化期谷氨酰胺合成酶PI-GS 0.4580 0.2722 0.2134 -0.0662 -0.1606
抽穗期谷氨酰胺合成酶HD-GS 0.4203 0.2032 0.2476 -0.0072 0.2327
成熟期谷氨酰胺合成酶MT-GS 0.3913 0.1283 0.1042 0.0923 0.1464
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