近四十年来我国玉米大品种的历史沿革与发展趋势

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23067

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 2064-2076.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23067

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

近四十年来我国玉米大品种的历史沿革与发展趋势

白岩¹(), 高婷婷², 卢实², 郑淑波², 路明²^,^*()

¹ 全国农业技术推广服务中心, 北京 100125
² 吉林省农业科学院玉米研究所 / 主要粮食作物国家工程研究中心 / 国家玉米工程技术研究中心(吉林) / 农业农村部东北中部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 吉林长春 130033

收稿日期:2022-09-30 接受日期:2023-02-10 出版日期:2023-08-12 网络出版日期:2023-02-21
通讯作者: 路明
作者简介:E-mail: by271039957@163.com
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02);全国农业技术推广服务中心横向委托项目资助。

A retrospective analysis of the historical evolution and developing trend of maize mega varieties in China from 1982 to 2020

BAI Yan¹(), GAO Ting-Ting², LU Shi², ZHENG Shu-Bo², LU Ming²^,^*()

¹ National Agro Technical Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
² Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center of Major Food Crops / National Engineering Research Center for Maize (Jilin) / Key Laboratory Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China

Received:2022-09-30 Accepted:2023-02-10 Published:2023-08-12 Published online:2023-02-21
Contact: LU Ming
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02);Horizontal Scientific Research Program of National Agro Technical Extension and Service Center.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子是农业的芯片, 优良品种更新换代对我国玉米产量提高发挥了重要作用。研究近40年来我国玉米大品种的历史贡献和发展趋势对当前我国玉米育种具有重要的现实意义。本研究以1982—2020年期间全国农业技术推广服务中心发布的历年玉米品种推广面积为依据, 筛选出近40年来我国种植的郑单958等27个玉米大品种, 累计推广3.21亿公顷, 占期间我国玉米总种植面积的29.09%, 其中超大品种4个, 分别是郑单958、中单2号、丹玉13、先玉335; 特大品种6个, 分别是浚单20、掖单2号、农大108、掖单13、四单19、烟单14, 推广年限在8~30年之间, 平均17.63年, 单年最大推广面积在69.97万~456.95万公顷, 平均150.79万公顷。主要分布于山东、河南、河北、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古等省区, 13个品种单年超66.67万公顷的省(区)是山东、河南、河北、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古、辽宁、四川。大品种种植面积占总面积的比例变化特征是1982—1989年期间快速上升、1990—1997年期间面积占比稳定、1998之后下降, 至2020年面积占比下降到12%左右。裕丰303、中科玉505等具有发展成为大品种的潜力, 未来智能设计育种将高效培育出新一代突破性品种, 加速提升我国玉米单产水平。面对当前玉米生产问题及今后发展趋势, 建议在区域试验的分布布局、试验精准度和品种审定标准等方面进一步完善玉米品种区域试验。

关键词: 1982—2020年, 玉米, 大品种, 历史沿革, 发展趋势

Abstract:

Seed is the chip of agriculture and the upgrading of excellent varieties has played an important role in improving the yield of corn in China. It is of great practical significance to study the historical contribution and developing trend of mega maize varieties in China in recent 40 years. Based on the dataset of planting area of individual maize varieties released by the National Extension and Service Center of Agricultural Technology from 1982 to 2020, 27 mega maize varieties such as Zhengdan 958 in recent 40 years with the total promotion of 321 million hectares accounting for 29.09% of the total corn planting area in China were screened..There were four utmost mega varieties (Zhengdan 958, Zhongdan 2, Danyu 13, and Xianyu 335) and six massive mega varieties (Jundan 20, Yedan 2, Nongda 108, Yedan 13, Sidan 19, and Yandan 14). The promotion period was 8-30 years, with an average of 17.63 years, the maximum promotion area in a single year was 699,700-4,569,500 hm², with an average of 1,507,900 hm². It was mainly distributed in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and other production regions and the provinces (regions) with 13 varieties exceeding 666,700 hm² per year were Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Sichuan. The proportion of planting area of mega varieties to the total area increased rapidly from 1982 to 1989, remained stable from 1990 to 1997, decreased after 1998, and decreased to about 12% by 2020. Some varieties such as Yufeng 303 and Zhongkeyu 505 had the potential to develop into mega varieties. In the future, intelligent design breeding will efficiently cultivate a new generation of breakthrough varieties and accelerate the improvement of maize yield. According to the current maize production problems and future development trends, it is recommended to further improve the regional test of maize varieties in terms of distribution layout, test accuracy and variety approval standards of regional tests.

Key words: the year from 1982 to 2020, maize, mega variety, historical evolution, developing trend

白岩, 高婷婷, 卢实, 郑淑波, 路明. 近四十年来我国玉米大品种的历史沿革与发展趋势[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(8): 2064-2076.

BAI Yan, GAO Ting-Ting, LU Shi, ZHENG Shu-Bo, LU Ming. A retrospective analysis of the historical evolution and developing trend of maize mega varieties in China from 1982 to 2020[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(8): 2064-2076.

图/表 7

图1

表1

1982-2020年我国玉米大品种种植面积统计表"

大品种 Mega variety	累计推广面积 Total planting area				单年最大面积 The largest area in one year		面积列前三名年数 Duration with area ranking in top 3
大品种 Mega variety	起始 Starting year	终止 Ending year	年数 Number of years	面积 Area (×10⁴ hm²)	年份 Year	面积 Area (×10⁴ hm²)	起始 Starting year	终止 Ending year	年数 Number of years
中单2号 Zhongdan 2	1982	2011	30	3237.13	1989	228.93	1982	1999	17
丹玉6号 Danyu 6	1982	1990	9	256.73	1982	108.27	1982	1982	1
郑单2号 Zhengdan 2	1982	1996	15	246.33	1982	83.47	1982	1983	2
鲁原单4号 Luyuandan 4	1982	1989	8	204.13	1982	69.67	1983	1983	1
四单8号 Sidan 8	1982	1993	12	696.67	1986	103.93	1984	1986	3
吉单101 Jidan 101	1982	2000	19	337.20	1984	75.20	1984	1984	1
烟单14 Yandan 14	1983	2008	26	1039.60	1987	119.80	1985	1988	4
丹玉13 Danyu 13	1985	2009	25	2810.47	1989	350.07	1987	1996	10
掖单2号 Yedan 2	1982	2004	23	1871.07	1994	157.20	1989	1998	10
掖单4号 Yedan 4	1986	2003	18	721.07	1990	124.40	1990	1990	1
掖单13 Yedan 13	1991	2012	22	1557.40	1995	226.47	1992	1999	8
沈单7号 Shendan 7	1987	2001	15	500.00	1992	70.07	—	—	—
掖单12 Yedan 12	1991	2003	13	566.27	1996	96.27	—	—	—
掖单19号 Yedna 19	1994	2009	16	421.80	1996	96.87	—	—	—
本玉9号 Benyu 9	1991	2009	19	583.60	1997	96.47	—	—	—
四单19 Sidan 19	1992	2017	26	1077.13	1999	86.53	—	—	—
西玉3号 Xiyu 3	1993	2008	16	333.73	1998	70.33	—	—	—
鲁单50 Ludan 50	1997	2009	13	333.00	1999	79.27	2000	2001	2
农大108 Nongda 108	1998	2020	23	1837.13	2002	273.27	2000	2003	4
豫玉22 Yuyu 22	1997	2020	24	728.33	2003	115.40	2001	2003	3
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	2001	2020	20	5971.12	2012	456.95	2002	2020	19
鲁单981 Ludan 981	2000	2019	20	579.33	2007	88.80	2004	2008	5
浚单20 Xundan 20	2004	2020	17	1923.19	2010	309.30	2007	2015	9
先玉335 Xianyu 335	2006	2020	15	2368.50	2012	281.02	2009	2019	11
德美亚1号 Demeiya 1	2008	2020	13	491.28	2014	72.87	—	—	—
京科968 Jingke 968	2012	2020	9	740.99	2018	134.53	2016	2020	5
登海605 Denghai 605	2011	2020	10	649.78	2016	95.93	—	—	—

表1

表2

1982-2020年我国玉米种植面积前3名品种列表"

年份 Year	第1名The first place		第2名 The second place		第3名 The third place
年份 Year	品种 Variety	面积Area (×10⁴ hm²)	品种 Variety	面积Area (×10⁴ hm²)	品种 Variety	面积Area (×10⁴ hm²)
1982	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	160.20	丹玉6号 Danyu 6	108.27	郑单2号 Zhengdan 2	83.47
1983	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	175.27	郑单2号 Zhengdan 2	65.47	鲁原单4号 Luyuandan 4	64.53
1984	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	175.80	四单8号 Sidan 8	78.60	吉单101 Jidan 101	75.20
1985	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	197.67	四单8号 Sidan 8	98.33	烟单14 Yandan 14	79.67
1986	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	207.80	四单8号 Sidan 8	103.93	烟单14 Yandan 14	98.67
1987	丹玉13 Danyu 13	224.93	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	171.53	烟单14 Yandan 14	119.40
1988	丹玉13 Danyu 13	304.33	中单2 号Zhongdan 2	193.73	烟单14 Yandan 14	97.40
1989	丹玉13 Danyu 13	350.07	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	228.93	掖单2号 Yedan 2	138.53
1990	丹玉13 Danyu 13	300.80	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	187.07	掖单4号 Yedan 4	124.40
1991	丹玉13 Danyu 13	312.33	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	185.13	掖单2号 Yedan 2	156.80
1992	丹玉13 Danyu 13	218.60	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	198.00	掖单13 Yedan 13	98.13
1993	丹玉13 Danyu 13	197.00	掖单2号 Yedan 2	151.13	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	142.07
1994	丹玉13 Danyu 13	192.73	掖单13 Yedan 13	160.47	掖单2号 Yedan 2	157.20
1995	掖单13 Yedan 13	226.47	丹玉13 Danyu 13	189.20	中单2 号Zhongdan 2	165.13
1996	掖单13 Yedan 13	210.00	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	169.07	丹玉13 Danyu 13	149.00
1997	掖单13 Yedan 13	200.20	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	116.13	掖单2号 Yedan 2	104.40
1998	掖单13 Yedan 13	150.53	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	105.33	掖单2号 Yedan 2	101.20
1999	掖单13 Yedan 13	102.27	四单19 Sidan19	86.53	中单2号 Zhongdan 2	82.87
2000	农大108 Nongda108	187.40	掖单13 Yedan 13	109.07	鲁单50 Ludan 50	74.07
2001	农大108 Nongda108	254.00	豫玉22 Yuyu 22	73.13	鲁单50 Ludan 50	64.07
2002	农大108 Nongda108	273.27	豫玉22 Yuyu 22	98.00	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	88.27
2003	农大108 Nongda108	234.20	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	140.93	豫玉22 Yuyu 22	115.40
2004	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	286.27	农大108 Nongda108	181.33	鲁单981 Ludan 981	76.20
2005	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	345.13	农大108 Nongda108	145.13	鲁单981 Ludan 981	69.00
2006	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	390.53	农大108 Nongda108	96.33	鲁单981 Ludan 981	76.73
2007	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	379.40	浚单20 Xundan 20	109.73	鲁单981 Ludan 981	88.80
2008	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	380.27	浚单20 Xundan 20	163.87	鲁单981 Ludan 981	58.87
2009	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	454.00	浚单20 Xundan 20	245.20	先玉335 Xianyu 335	112.80
2010	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	415.05	浚单20 Xundan 20	309.30	先玉335 Xianyu 335	191.91
2011	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	452.15	先玉335 Xianyu 335	238.13	浚单20 Xundan 20	220.08
2012	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	456.95	先玉335 Xianyu 335	281.02	浚单20 Xundan 20	191.44
2013	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	431.93	先玉335 Xianyu 335	268.13	浚单20 Xundan 20	159.27
2014	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	360.37	先玉335 Xianyu 335	270.76	浚单20 Xundan 20	112.93
2015	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	308.65	先玉335 Xianyu 335	248.97	浚单20 Xundan 20	94.44
2016	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	262.92	先玉335 Xianyu 335	217.50	京科968 Jingke 968	134.47
2017	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	229.41	先玉335 Xianyu 335	168.42	京科968 Jingke 968	134.39
2018	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	204.95	先玉335 Xianyu 335	135.14	京科968 Jingke 968	134.53
2019	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	187.87	京科968 Jingke 968	97.27	先玉335 Xianyu 335	88.87
2020	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	186.53	京科968 Jingke 968	99.53	裕丰303 Yufeng 303	97.33

表2

图2

图3

表3

图4

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省(区) Province (region)	品种(年份) Variety (year)
山东 Shandong	掖单2号 Yedan 2 (1989, 1991), 掖单13 Yedan 13 (1996), 鲁单50 Ludan 50 (1999), 农大108 Nongda 108 (2001-2002), 豫玉22 Yuyu 22 (2002), 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 (2006, 2009-2013, 2015-2018)
河南 Henan	丹玉13 Danyu 13 (1989-1992), 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 (2004-2013), 浚单20 Xundan 20 (2008-2012)
河北 Hebei	郑单958 Zhengdan 958 (2005-2017)
吉林 Jilin	四单8号 Sidan 8 (1984-1986), 中单2号 Zhongdan 2 (1992), 先玉335 Xianyu 335 (2010-2012)
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	德美亚1号 Demeiya 1 (2014-2015)
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	京科968 Jingke 968 (2016-2020)
辽宁 Liaoning	丹玉13 Danyu 13 (1988, 1990)
四川 Sichuan	中单2号 Zhongdan 2 (1989, 1990)

近四十年来我国玉米大品种的历史沿革与发展趋势

A retrospective analysis of the historical evolution and developing trend of maize mega varieties in China from 1982 to 2020

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