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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1538-1547.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41063

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

早熟小麦品种扬麦37主要目标性状的遗传构成分析

吕国锋(), 范金平, 吴素兰, 张晓, 赵仁慧, 李曼, 王玲, 高德荣, 别同德, 刘健   

  1. 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业农村部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225007
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30 接受日期:2025-03-26 出版日期:2025-06-12 网络出版日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: *吕国锋, E-mail: lgf@wheat.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1201100);江苏省种业振兴项目(JBGS(2021)049)

Genetic analysis of key target traits in the early-maturing wheat cultivar Yangmai 37

LYU Guo-Feng(), FAN Jin-Ping, WU Su-Lan, ZHANG Xiao, ZHAO Ren-Hui, LI Man, WANG Ling, GAO De-Rong, BIE Tong-De, LIU Jian   

  1. Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Lower & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225007, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2024-09-30 Accepted:2025-03-26 Published:2025-06-12 Published online:2025-04-07
  • Contact: *E-mail: lgf@wheat.org.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1201100);the Jiangsu Province Seed Industry Revitalization Project of China(JBGS(2021)049)

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摘要： 冬春小麦杂交是拓宽小麦品种遗传基础的重要途径。通过对冬春杂交育成品种扬麦37及其母本春性品种镇麦9号和父本半冬性品种邯6172的生育期、产量相关性状、抗病性和品质等育种目标性状的测定以及64个上述性状相关基因的分子检测, 分析扬麦37的遗传构成以及育种目标性状相关基因在育种过程中的选择情况。结果表明, 扬麦37比镇麦9号成熟期早4 d。扬麦37与镇麦9号株高相近, 每平方米穗数和千粒重介于双亲之间, 每穗粒数高于双亲。扬麦37和镇麦9号均为中抗小麦赤霉病, 和邯6172均感小麦白粉病和黄花叶病。扬麦37蛋白质含量和镇麦9号相近, 面团稳定时间明显低于镇麦9号。母本镇麦9号和父本邯6172对扬麦37的遗传贡献率分别为62.5%和37.5%。扬麦37与母本镇麦9号的春化、光周期和开花基因单倍型相同。扬麦37遗传了镇麦9号的矮秆基因Rht-B1b, 以及母本TaGS-D1和TaSus2-2B以及父本TaSus1-7A的高粒重单倍型。扬麦37遗传了母本镇麦9号的抗赤霉病QTL QFhs.crc-2D, 丢失了母本的抗白粉病基因Pm21和抗黄花叶病QTL QYm.nau-2D。扬麦37与镇麦9号同为抗穗发芽单倍型Sdr-B1a和Vp-1Bc。扬麦37不含镇麦9号优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(high molecular weight glutenin subunit, HMW-Gs)组合1Dx5+1Dy10, 但引入了对面筋强度有负向效应的1RS·1BL易位系。对开花期、抗穗发芽等基因的选择是扬麦37双亲特异基因不均等分配的主要原因, Pm21、QYm.nau-2D、1Dx5+1Dy10在品种选育过程中丢失和1RS·1BL导入是扬麦37与母本镇麦9号抗病性和品质产生差异的重要原因。

关键词: 小麦品种, 冬春小麦杂交, 育种性状, 功能基因, 遗传构成

Abstract:

Hybridization between winter and spring wheat varieties is an important approach to broaden the genetic base of wheat cultivars. Yangmai 37, an early-maturing spring wheat cultivar, was developed from a cross between the spring wheat Zhenmai 9 and the semi-winter wheat Han 6172. To investigate the genetic composition of Yangmai 37 and the selection of functional genes during its breeding process, we compared key breeding traits—including growth period, yield components, disease resistance, and quality-related traits—as well as the haplotypes of 64 functional genes associated with these traits between Yangmai 37 and its two parents. The results showed that Yangmai 37 matured four days earlier than Zhenmai 9. Its plant height was similar to Zhenmai 9, while its spike density (spikes m-2) and thousand-grain weight (TGW) were intermediate between its parents. However, its grain number per spike (grains spike-1) was higher than both parents. In terms of disease resistance, Yangmai 37 exhibited moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), similar to Zhenmai 9, but was susceptible to powdery mildew (PM) and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), like Han 6172. The protein content of Yangmai 37 was comparable to Zhenmai 9, but its dough stability time was significantly lower. Genetic contribution analysis revealed that 62.5% of Yangmai 37’s genetic makeup originated from Zhenmai 9, while 37.5% came from Han 6172. Yangmai 37 inherited the same haplotypes for vernalization, photoperiod, and flowering genes as its female parent. It also carried the dwarf gene Rht-B1b from Zhenmai 9 and inherited high grain weight haplotypes at TaGS-D1 and TaSus2-2B from its female parent, as well as TaSus1-7A from its male parent. Additionally, Yangmai 37 retained the QTL QFhs.crc-2D, associated with FHB resistance, from Zhenmai 9 but lost the Pm21 gene for PM resistance and QYm.nau-2D, a QTL for WYMV resistance, from its female parent. For pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance, Yangmai 37 harbored the same Sdr-B1a and Vp-1Bc haplotypes as Zhenmai 9. However, Yangmai 37 lacked the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) combination 1Dx5+1Dy10, which is associated with superior gluten strength in Zhenmai 9. Instead, it inherited the 1RS·1BL translocation, known to negatively impact gluten quality, from its male parent. The selection of flowering-related genes and PHS resistance haplotypes contributed to the unequal distribution of parental alleles in Yangmai 37. Meanwhile, the loss of Pm21, QYm.nau-2D, and 1Dx5+1Dy10, along with the introduction of the 1RS·1BL translocation, were key factors influencing the differences in disease resistance and quality traits between Yangmai 37 and its female parent, Zhenmai 9.

Key words: wheat variety, winter and spring wheat hybridization, breeding trait, functional gene, genetic composition

表1

3个抗病QTL检测所用的标记"

性状
Trait		 基因/QTL名称
Name of gene/QTL		 染色体
Chromosome		 标记名称
Marker name		 参考文献
Reference
小麦赤霉病Fusarium head blight QFhs.crc-2D 2DL gwm539 [17]
小麦黄花叶病Wheat yellow mosaic virus QYm.nau-2D 2DL WXE1339 [18]
QYm.nau-5A.1 5AL wmc415 [19]

表2

扬麦37及其亲本生育期和籽粒灌浆特征参数"

品种
Cultivar		 生育期Growth stage (month/day) 灌浆特征参数Grain-filling parameter
抽穗期
Heading date		 开花期
Anthesis date		 成熟期
Mature date		 平均灌浆速率
Average grain-filling rate
(mg grain-1 d-1)		 灌浆期
Grain-filling duration
(d)
邯6172 Han 6172 04/10 04/15 05/29 1.40 49.7
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9 04/10 04/15 05/30 1.72 47.7
扬麦37 Yangmai 37 04/08 04/12 05/26 1.60 46.4

表3

扬麦37及其亲本产量相关性状和抗病性"

品种
Cultivar		 产量相关性状Yield-related trait 抗病性Disease resistance
株高
Plant height
(cm)		 每平方米穗数Spikes per square meter 每穗粒数Grains per spike 千粒重TGW
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 赤霉病FHB 白粉病PM 黄花叶病WYMV
邯6172 Han 6172 80 645 36.3 47.1 9105.0 MS S S
镇麦9号Zhenmai9 90 552 37.6 56.4 10,050.0 MR R R
扬麦37 Yangmai 37 87 591 39.4 52.8 9615.0 MR S S

表4

扬麦37及其亲本的品质参数"

品种
Cultivar		 硬度
Grain hardness (%)		 蛋白质含量Grain protein content (%) 湿面筋含量Wet gluten content (%) 吸水率
Water absorption (%)		 形成时间Development time (min) 稳定时间Stability time (min) 面粉白度Flour whiteness
邯6172 Han 6172 62.6 12.91 30.56 62.30 3.2 2.9 71.2
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9 64.2 13.64 32.50 67.50 5.0 6.9 72.6
扬麦37 Yangmai 37 65.5 13.57 25.28 65.30 2.5 2.1 69.4

表5

扬麦37及其亲本的春化、光周期和开花基因单倍型"

品种
Cultivar		 春化基因
Vernalization gene		 光周期基因
Photoperiod gene		 开花相关基因
Flowering related gene
Vrn-A1 Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-A1 Ppd-B1 Ppd-D1 PPR-B1
邯6172Han 6172 vrn-A1 vrn-B1 vrn-D1 Ppd-A1b truncated copy Ppd-D1a PPR-B1a
镇麦9号Zhenmai 9 vrn-A1 vrn-B1 Vrn-D1a Ppd-A1b ins Ppd-D1a PPR-B1b
扬麦37Yangmai 37 vrn-A1 vrn-B1 Vrn-D1a Ppd-A1b ins Ppd-D1a PPR-B1b

表6

扬麦37及其亲本的株高和粒重基因单倍型"

品种
Cultivar		 矮秆基因Dwarf gene 粒重相关基因Grain weight related gene
Rht-B1 Rht-D1 TaGS-D1 TaGW2-6A TaGS1a TaSus2-2B TaSus1-7A
邯6172 Han 6172 Rht-B1a Rht-D1b TaGS-D1b Hap-L Hap-I Hap-L Hap-1,3,5
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9 Rht-B1b Rht-D1a TaGS-D1a Hap-H Hap-II Hap-H Hap-2,4
扬麦37 Yangmai 37 Rht-B1b Rht-D1a TaGS-D1a Hap-L Hap-I Hap-H Hap-1,3,5

表7

扬麦37及其亲本的抗病和抗逆基因组成"

品种
Cultivar		 白粉病PM 赤霉病
FHB		 黄花叶病
WYMV		 叶锈病
LR		 穗发芽
PHS		 耐旱
Drought tolerance
Pm21 QFhs.crc-2D QYm.nau-2D Sbmp Lr68 Sdr-B1 Vp-1B Dreb-B1
邯6172 Han 6172 - - - - + Sdr-B1b Vp-1Ba, b TaDreb-B1b
镇麦9号 Zhenmai9 + + + + - Sdr-B1a Vp-1Bc TaDreb-B1a
扬麦37 Yangmai 37 - + - - - Sdr-B1a Vp-1Bc TaDreb-B1a

表8

扬麦37及其亲本的硬度及面筋强度相关基因单倍型"

品种
Cultivar		 硬度基因Grain hardness gene 面筋强度相关基因Gluten strength related gene
Pina-D1 Pinb-D1 Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 ALPb-7A 1RS·1BL
邯6172 Han 6172 Pina-D1a Pinb-D1b 1Ax1 1Bx7+1By9 1Dx2+1Dy12 Hap1 +
镇麦9号 Zhenmai 9 Pina-D1a Pinb-D1b 1Ax1 1Bx7+1By9 1Dx5+1Dy10 Hap2 -
扬麦37 Yangmai 37 Pina-D1a Pinb-D1b 1Ax1 1Bx7+1By9 1Dx2+1Dy12 Hap2 +

表9

扬麦37及其亲本的黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性相关基因单倍型"

品种
Cultivar		 黄色素含量相关基因
Yellow pigment content related gene		 脂氧合酶基因
Lox gene		 多酚氧化酶基因
PPO gene
Psy-A1 Psy-B1 Zds-A1 Pds-B1 Pod-A1 Lox-B1 Ppo-A1 Ppo-D1
镇麦9号Zhenmai 9 Psy-A1b 非Psy-B1c
Non Psy-B1c		 Zds-A1b Pds-B1b Pod-A1a Lox-B1b Ppo-A1b Ppo-D1b
邯6172 Han 6172 Psy-A1a 非Psy-B1c
Non Psy-B1c		 Zds-A1b Pds-B1a Pod-A1a Lox-B1a Ppo-A1a Ppo-D1a
扬麦37 Yangmai 37 Psy-A1b 非Psy-B1c
Non Psy-B1c		 Zds-A1b Pds-B1b Pod-A1a Lox-B1b Ppo-A1b Ppo-D1a
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