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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1548-1557.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41095

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦小旗叶突变性状基因定位与遗传分析

杨思杰1(), 杜启迪2, 柴守玺1, 熊宏春2, 谢永盾2, 赵林姝2, 古佳玉2, 郭会君1,2,*(), 刘录祥2,*()   

  1. 1甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
    2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室/作物分子育种国家工程实验室/CAEA核技术(辐射育种)研发中心, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24 接受日期:2025-03-26 出版日期:2025-06-12 网络出版日期:2025-04-02
  • 通讯作者: *郭会君, E-mail: guohuijun@caas.cn;刘录祥, E-mail: liuluxiang@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yangsijiej@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1200700);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)

Genetic mapping of mutant genes on flag leaf length and width in wheat

YANG Si-Jie1(), DU Qi-Di2, CHAI Shou-Xi1, XIONG Hong-Chun2, XIE Yong-Dun2, ZHAO Lin-Shu2, GU Jia-Yu2, GUO Hui-Jun1,2,*(), LIU Lu-Xiang2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding / National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding / CAEA Research and Development Centre on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-12-24 Accepted:2025-03-26 Published:2025-06-12 Published online:2025-04-02
  • Contact: *E-mail: guohuijun@caas.cn;E-mail: liuluxiang@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1200700);the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-03)

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摘要：

叶片形态作为株型结构的核心特征, 对光合作用效率、作物产量及胁迫响应等具有重要影响。旗叶是小麦进行光合作用的重要功能器官, 其光合效率直接影响小麦产量, 深入挖掘旗叶发育调控基因有助于培育高产小麦品种。本研究以小麦品种京411为野生型, 经诱变获得了表型稳定的小旗叶突变体je0261。该突变体表现旗叶变窄变短, 旗叶叶长减小38.9%, 叶宽减少29.3%, 叶面积减小56.7%。根据突变体与野生型的F2和F3代表型数据分析表明, 旗叶宽窄和长短性状分别受1对主效隐性基因控制。采用混合群体分离分析法(BSA), 结合测序所得SNP位点, 在7A染色体上开发了7个KASP标记, 将控制叶长、叶宽的目标基因同时定位在7A染色体长臂1.18 cM遗传区段内, 对应中国春参考基因组8.08 Mb的物理区间。2个基因之间的遗传距离为1.00 cM, 推断是2个新的控制旗叶宽度和长度的主效基因。本研究所鉴定的小麦旗叶大小和宽窄调控区段有助于深入解析小麦旗叶叶面积形成的遗传基础, 为进一步改良小麦叶型提供新基因源。

关键词: 小麦, 旗叶叶长, 旗叶叶宽, 遗传分析, 基因定位

Abstract:

Leaf morphology is a key determinant of plant architecture, influencing photosynthetic efficiency, yield, and stress responses. In wheat, the flag leaf serves as a critical photosynthetic organ, directly impacting grain yield and quality. Identifying novel genes and alleles associated with flag leaf traits can facilitate high-yield wheat breeding. In this study, we used the wheat variety Jing 411 as the wild type and developed a stable mutant, je0261, which exhibited a significantly reduced flag leaf area. Compared to Jing 411, the mutant had a 38.9% shorter, 29.3% narrower, and 56.7% smaller flag leaf. Analysis of segregation ratios for flag leaf length and width in the F2 and F3 populations derived from Jing 411 × je0261 indicated that these traits were each controlled by a single recessive gene. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with exome capture sequencing, we mapped the target genes to chromosome 7A. Seven KASP markers were developed within the target region, and the genes controlling flag leaf length and width were mapped to a 1.18 cM genetic interval, corresponding to an 8.08 Mb physical region in the Chinese Spring reference genome. The genetic distance between these two genes was 1.00 cM, suggesting that they are two distinct, novel genes regulating flag leaf length and width. The identification of this candidate interval enhances our understanding of the genetic basis of flag leaf area in wheat and provides valuable mutant gene resources for future wheat architecture improvement.

Key words: wheat, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, genetic analysis, gene mapping

图1

突变体je0261与野生型表型比较 A: 植株表型, 标尺为10 cm; B: 抽穗期叶片, 标尺为5 cm; C: 旗叶叶长; D: 旗叶叶宽; E: 旗叶叶面积; F、G: 粒长, 标尺为0.5 cm; H、J: 粒宽, 标尺为0.5 cm; I: 千粒重。**表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著。"

图2

突变体旗叶中部横切面组织结构 A: 抽穗期旗叶中部横切面; B: 表皮细胞数量; C: 表皮细胞宽度; D: 大叶脉数量; E: 小叶脉数量; F: 大维管束数量; G: 小维管束数量。**表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。"

表S1

京411×je0261 F2分离群体中旗叶宽度和长度重组率统计"

世代
Generation		 表型
Phenotype		 观察值
Observed count (O)		 重组率
Recombination rate (E)
F2 长宽Long and wide 405 63.5%
短宽Short and wide 65 10.2%
长窄Long and narrow 76 11.9%
短窄Short and narrow 92 14.4%
合计Total 638

附图1

京411×je0261分离群体旗叶代表性图片及统计株数 A: 分离群体中的4种旗叶类型, 标尺为2 cm; B: 不同旗叶表型的株数统计。LW: 长宽旗叶, SW: 短宽旗叶, LN: 长窄旗叶, SN: 短窄旗叶。"

表1

京411 × je0261的F2和F3群体中旗叶宽窄性状卡方分析"

世代
Generation		 表型
Phenotype		 观察值
Observed count
(O)		 期望值
Expected count
(E)		 (O-E)2 /E χ2 P (df=1)
F2 窄旗叶Narrow flag leaf 168 160 0.40 0.51 0.608
宽旗叶Wide flag leaf 470 478 0.13
合计 Total 638 638
F3 窄旗叶Narrow flag leaf 151 160 0.51 0.68 0.557
宽旗叶Wide flag leaf 487 478 0.17
合计 Total 638 638

表2

京411 × je0261的F2和F3群体中旗叶长短性状卡方分析"

世代
Generation		 表型
Phenotype		 观察值
Observed count
(O)		 期望值
Expected count
(E)		 (O-E)2 /E χ2 P (df=1)
F2 短旗叶Short flag leaf 157 160 0.06 0.08 0.846
长旗叶Long flag leaf 481 478 0.02
合计 Total 638 638
F3 短旗叶Short flag leaf 154 160 0.23 0.30 0.696
长旗叶Long flag leaf 484 478 0.08
合计 Total 638 638

图3

控制小麦旗叶长宽的主效基因均定位于7A染色体上 A: 旗叶宽度ED关联分析图; B: 旗叶长度ED关联分析图。ED4表示欧几里得距离的四次方。"

图4

旗叶叶长和叶宽在7A染色体上的定位区间 红线表示以旗叶叶宽为表型检测到的LOD曲线, 绿线表示以旗叶叶长为表型检测到的LOD曲线。FLL: 旗叶叶长; FLW: 旗叶叶宽。"

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