高、低Cd积累小麦对Cd胁迫的转录组学响应差异

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41072

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

镉(Cd)极易被小麦吸收并对人体健康构成威胁，且小麦响应Cd胁迫的分子机制尚不清楚。探究小麦Cd积累的分子机制对于通过遗传改良培育低Cd积累小麦至关重要。本试验采用营养液培养法，利用转录组学测序技术研究不同Cd积累特性小麦(济麦22和周麦32)在0、0.05和0.10 mmol L^-¹ Cd胁迫下基因调控网络变化。京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)、基因本体(GO)和蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络分析(PPI)表明，Cd胁迫诱导防御相关基因表达，内质网蛋白质加工途径是0.05 mmol L^?1 Cd胁迫下济麦22最显著富集的上调途径之一，苯并噁嗪生物合成途径是0.1 mmol L^-¹ Cd胁迫下周麦32富集程度较高的上调途径之一。此外，Cd胁迫下核糖体蛋白uL13家族为PPI中主要节点，这表明核糖体蛋白uL13家族在Cd胁迫下维持核糖体正常功能起重要作用。转运体TaNRAMP1、TaNRAMP2、TaNRAMP5、TaZIP6和TaABCG36在小麦Cd吸收和积累中起关键作用。Cd胁迫下WRKY、MYB、bHLH、bZIP转录因子表达量上调，有助于缓解Cd胁迫造成的损伤。加权基因共表达网络和可视化分析表明gene-LOC123168319和gene-LOC123145825可能是与Cd积累相关的潜在候选基因。本研究筛选出的差异基因和代谢通路，可利用CRISPR/Cas9等基因编辑技术，对小麦进行遗传改良，降低其对Cd的吸收和积累能力，为小麦抗Cd机制深入研究及后续培育低Cd小麦品种提供参考。

关键词: Cd胁迫, 小麦, 差异表达基因, 蛋白-蛋白相互作用, 加权基因共表达网络

Abstract:

Cadmium (Cd) is readily absorbed by wheat, posing a significant threat to human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat's response to Cd stress remain poorly understood. Investigating these mechanisms is essential for developing low-Cd-accumulating wheat varieties through genetic improvement. In this study, hydroponic culture combined with transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze gene regulatory network changes in two wheat varieties with differing Cd accumulation capacities (Jimai 22 and Zhoumai 32) under Cd stress at concentrations of 0, 0.05 mmol L^-1, and 0.1 mmol L?1. Functional enrichment analyses using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks revealed that Cd stress induced the expression of defense-related genes. The endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathway was the most significantly enriched upregulated pathway in Jimai 22 under 0.05 mmol L^-1 Cd stress, while the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway was highly enriched in Zhoumai 32 under 0.1 mmol L?1 Cd stress. Additionally, the ribosomal protein uL13 family was identified as a central hub in the PPI network under Cd stress, highlighting its importance in maintaining ribosomal function. Key transporters, including TaNRAMP1, TaNRAMP2, TaNRAMP5, TaZIP6, and TaABCG36, were found to play pivotal roles in Cd uptake and accumulation. Moreover, transcription factors such as WRKY, MYB, bHLH, and bZIP were upregulated under Cd stress, contributing to the alleviation of Cd-induced damage. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene-LOC123168319 and gene-LOC123145825 as potential candidate genes associated with Cd accumulation. The differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways identified in this study provide valuable resources for genetic improvement of wheat. Technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 can be employed to reduce Cd absorption and accumulation, offering insights into wheat's Cd resistance mechanisms and supporting the breeding of low-Cd wheat varieties.

Key words: Cd stress, wheat, differentially expressed gene, protein-protein interaction, weighted gene co-expression network

王青, 王伊秀, 李越男, 吕永辉, 张海波, 刘娜, 程红艳. 高、低Cd积累小麦对Cd胁迫的转录组学响应差异[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1230-1247.

WANG Qing, WANG Yi-Xiu, LI Yue-Nan, LYU Yong-Hui, ZHANG Hai-Bo, LIU Na, CHENG Hong-Yan. Differences in transcriptomic responses to cadmium stress in high/low-Cd-accumulation wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1230-1247.

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