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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 370-382.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41036

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃省小麦地方品种春化光周期基因效应及抗寒性评价

杨芳萍1，郭莹1，田媛媛2，徐玉凤3，王兰兰4，白斌1，展宗冰1，张雪婷1，徐银萍5，刘金栋2,*   

  1. 1甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所, 甘肃兰州730070; 2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京10081; 3武威国家气候观象台, 甘肃武威733021; 4清水县气象局, 甘肃天水741400; 5甘肃省农业科学院啤酒与原料研究所, 甘肃兰州730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20 修回日期:2024-09-18 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-02-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-10
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由甘肃省重点研发计划(23YFNA0033), 国家自然科学基金项目(32060481, 32260485)和中国科学技术协会青年人才托举计划(2020QNRC001)资助。

Effect of vernalization and photoperiod genes and evaluation of cold tolerance for wheat landraces from Gansu province,China

YANG Fang-Ping1,GUO Ying1,TIAN Yuan-Yuan2,XU Yu-Feng3,WANG Lan-Lan4,BAI Bin1,ZHAN Zong-Bing1,ZHANG Xue-Ting1,XU Yin-Ping5,LIU Jin-Dong2,*   

  1. 1 Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3 Wuwei National Climate Observatory, Wuwei 733021, Gansu, China; 4 Qingshui County Meteorological Bureau, Tianshui 741400, Gansu, China; 5 Institute of Beer and Raw Materials, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-05-20 Revised:2024-09-18 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-02-12 Published online:2024-10-10
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Key Research and Development Plan of Gansu Province Science and Technology Plan Project (23YFNA0033), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32060481, 32260485), and Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(2020QNRC001).

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摘要：

冬春性和光周期反应是决定小麦适宜种植区域的重要特性。为了解甘肃省小麦地方品种的冬春性和抗寒性，本研究采用春化基因Vrn-1、Vrn-B3和光周期基因Ppd-D1的分子标记检测其等位变异，并记载了抽穗期、冬春性和抗寒性。结果表明：(1) 59.6%的材料仅携带1个显性春化等位变异，除Vrn-D1 (67.4%)外，其余春化基因显性等位变异主要分布在春麦区，且频率低(0.5%~11.0%)，携带2个或3个春化显性等位变异组合的品种频率也很低(0.2%~8.9%)；携带全隐性等位变异的频率为19.6%，从甘肃省西北向东南逐渐升高。光周期基因非敏感等位变异Ppd-D1a的分布频率为17.8%，且冬麦区高于春麦区。(2) 不同麦区地方品种秋播后，冬麦区品种较春麦区品种早抽穗；春播后，春麦区品种从西部到中部可抽穗的频率增高，且冬麦区品种的抽穗频率从甘肃省西南向东北降低；春麦区晚抽穗品种的频率低于冬麦区，且冬麦区不能正常成熟品种的频率高于春麦区。(3) 春播时显性春化等位变异促进开花的效应Vrn-A1a>Vrn-D1>Vrn-B1，秋播后春化显性等位变异未表现早抽穗效应；秋播Ppd-D1b类型，携带2~3个春化显性等位变异品种的抽穗期晚于携带单个春化显性位点品种，而Ppd-D1a型品种则相反，即春化显性等位变异表现加性效应。Ppd-D1a对小麦开花促进作用明显。(4) 依据材料表型鉴定的冬春性与基于春化位点等位变异推测的冬春性的一致性较高，且从春性到冬性逐渐降低。(5) 冬性强的品种抗寒性不一定都强，但抗寒性强的品种，大部分冬性强。

关键词: 小麦, 地方品种, 甘肃, 春化, 光周期

Abstract:

Winter-spring growth habit and photoperiodic response are two critical traits that determine the suitable cultivation areas for wheat. This study aimed to understand these traits in local wheat varieties from Gansu province by using molecular markers for the vernalization genes Vrn-1 and Vrn-B3, and the photoperiod gene Ppd-D1, to detect allelic variations and evaluate heading dates, winter-spring growth habits, and cold tolerance. The results indicated that 59.6% of the accessions carried only one dominant vernalization allele, with Vrn-D1 being the most common at a frequency of 67.4%. Other dominant vernalization alleles were primarily found in the spring wheat zone, with frequencies ranging from 0.5% to 11.0%. Varieties carrying two or three dominant vernalization alleles were rare (0.2%–8.9%). Additionally, 19.6% of varieties carried all recessive alleles, with this frequency increasing from the northwest to the southeast of Gansu. The photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a had a frequency of 17.8%, and it was more prevalent in winter wheat zones than in spring wheat zones. In the winter wheat zones, varieties planted in autumn headed earlier than those in the spring wheat zones. Following spring planting, the frequency of headed varieties increased from the west to the center in the spring wheat zones, while it decreased from the southwest to the northeast in the winter wheat zones. The frequency of late-heading varieties was lower in spring wheat zones compared to winter wheat zones, where many varieties did not mature normally. After spring planting, the dominant vernalization alleles promoted flowering in the order of Vrn-A1a > Vrn-D1 > Vrn-B1. However, after autumn planting, the early heading effect of dominant vernalization alleles was not evident. For Ppd-D1b types, varieties with two or three dominant vernalization alleles headed later than those with a single dominant allele. In contrast, Ppd-D1a types displayed an additive effect of vernalization alleles, where Ppd-D1a significantly promoted flowering in wheat. There was a high consistency between the winter-spring growth habit determined phenotypically and that inferred from vernalization alleles, with habits gradually shifting from spring to winter types. Varieties with strong winter habits did not necessarily exhibit strong cold tolerance. However, most varieties with strong cold tolerance also exhibited strong winter growth habits.

Key words: wheat, landrace, Gansu, vernalization, photoperiod

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