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方宇辉,齐学礼,李艳,张煜,彭超军,华夏,陈艳艳,郭瑞,胡琳,许为钢*
FANG Yu-Hui,QI Xue-Li, LI Yan,ZHANG Yu,PENG Chao-Jun,HUA Xia,CHEN Yan-Yan,GUO Rui,HU Lin,XU Wei-Gang*
摘要:
为研究转玉米C4型PEPC (磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因)和PPDK(丙酮酸磷酸双激酶基因)双基因小麦对强光胁迫的光合和生理响应,以转ZmPEPC+ZmPPDK基因小麦株系PCK30和PCK60及其野生型对照材料(WT)为试验材料,鉴定了外源基因在转基因小麦中的表达量,在抽穗期和灌浆期测定正常光强(NL)和强光胁迫(HL)处理下转基因小麦的光合酶活性、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、活性氧物质含量和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明,2个转基因株系在转录水平上高效表达了PEPC和PPDK基因。在不同时期NL和HL处理下,转基因小麦的PEPC、PPDK、NADP-ME和Rubisco的酶活均显著高于WT,且HL处理下高出WT的幅度更明显。与NL处理相比,转基因小麦和WT的叶绿素含量在HL处理下显著降低,但转基因株系的下降幅度更小,且HL处理下转基因株系的叶绿素含量显著高于WT。两种水平处理下,转基因小麦PCK30、PCK60的净光合速率(Pn)均显著高于WT,且HL处理下高出幅度更明显,抽穗期增幅分别为15.26%和17.57%,灌浆期为13.41%和15.82%。气孔导度、Fv/Fm、qp的变化趋势与Pn一致,胞间二氧化碳浓度的变化趋势与Pn相反。转基因株系在HL处理下产生的活性氧物质和丙二醛含量显著低于WT,而抗氧化酶变化趋势与之相反。连续两年田间小区产量试验,转基因小麦PCK30和PCK60平均比WT高8.37%和10.16%。PEPC和PPDK在小麦中的过表达增强了小麦内源的光合酶、光化学效率和抗氧化酶活性,增强了强光下的叶片细胞膜的稳定性,保护了光合机构,维持了较高的光合效率,从而提高了转基因小麦的耐强光胁迫能力。
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